
Book. T'R-^ 



OFiriciAi> i:>ONAXiON. 



il 



i 



Indiana at Shiloh 



Bepott of tfte Commission 



COMPILED BY 



JOHN W. COONS 



ISSUED BY 

Indiana Shiloh National Park Commission 
1904 






18 NOV 1905 



PRESS OF 

WM. B. BURFORD 

INDIANAPOLIS 



Contents 

PAGE. 

Letter of Transmittal ^ 

Preface • ^^ 

Tlie Battle of Shiloli 1^ 

Shiloh National Military Park 19 

Historical Sketches of Indiana Regiments 21 

Army of the Tennessee 2o 

Eleventh Infantry 27 

Twenty-third Infantry 35 

Twenty-fourth Infantry 41 

Twenty-fifth Infantry *'^ 

Thirty-first Infantry ^9 

Forty-fourth Infantry 69 

Sixth Battery '^'^ 

Ninth Battery ^^ 

Army of the Ohio ^^ 

Sixth Infantry '^" 

Ninth Infantry 93 

Fifteenth Infantry 99 

Seventeenth Infantry ...<.,.;. 105 

Twenty-ninth Infantry HI 

Thirtieth Infantry H"^ 

Thirty-second Infantry 123 

Thirty-sixth Infantry 129 

Thirty-ninth Infantry 133 

Fortieth Infantry 139 

Fifty-first Infantry 1^3 

Fifty-seventh Infantry l*'^ 

Fifty-eighth Infantry 1^^ 

Second Cavalry ^^^ 

Statistics concerning tlie Battle of Shiloh lo9 

Distinguished in Peace and in War 1^^ 

Miscellaneous ^ 

Indiana Commissioned Officers in the Battle of Shiloli 167 

Before the Battle ^^^ 

After the Battle ^^^ 

5 



Contents 

PAGE. 

Shiloli Campaign and Battle 171 

Laws, Appointmeiit of Commission, etc 249 

Contract for Monuments 554 

Legislation Concerning Monuments 259 

Financial Report of Commission 262 

Dedication of Monuments 265 

Prayer— Rev. H. J. Norris 266 

Major General Lewis Wallace — Oration 269 

The Name of Old Glory— Poem by James Whitcomb Riley 280 

Presentation of Monuments — Colonel James S. Wright 282 

Acceptance of Monuments — Governor Winfield T. Durbin 288 

Receiving Indiana's Gift — William Cary Sanger 292 

Address of Colonel Josiah Patterson 294 

Address of General George W. Gordon 299 

Address of Senator A. J. Beveridge 305 

Conclusion 310 



Illustrations 



PAGE. 

-^Maps of Shiloh Pockets in Front Cover 

^ Original Shiloh Church Frontispiece 

^ O. P. Morton, War Governor 10 

y Hon. Winfield T. Durbin, Governor 1 1 

^' Major General U. S. Grant 22 

v^Major General Lewis Wallace 271 

-/General Albert Sidney Johnston 23 

'/Colonel George F. McGinnis 26 

V Crump's Landing 34 

/'Colonel Alvin P. Hovey 39 

/ Colonel J. C. Yeatch 46 

y" Major John W. Foster 52 

^ Colonel Charles Cruft 58 

■^ Captain George Harvey 64 

^Siege Guns, April 6, 1862 66. 

v' Colonel Hugh B. Reed 68. 

I ' Battle Scene of Shiloh ~6' 

I Colonel William H. Blake 92 

^ Colonel George D. Wagner 98 

^ Colonel John T. Wilder 103 

^ Colonel John F. Miller , 109 

V Colonel Sion S. Bass 115 

^ Colonel John W. Blake 137 

V Steamboats, Pittsburg Lauding, April 6, 1862 164 

y' General Grant's Headquarters 1"6 

'^ Iron Tablets 180 

"^ General W. H. L. Wallace Monument 190 

I General Albert Sidney Johnston Monument 202 

■^ Shiloh Spring, near Shiloh Church 214 

Bloody Pond 226. 

\/ National Cemetery 244 

/ Hon. C. C. Schreeder 248 

./ Fleet of Steamboats at National Park 264 

1/ Scene in Shiloh National Park 268. 



Letter of Transmittal 

Indianapolis, Ind., October 24, 1904. 

Hon. Winfield T. Durbin, 

Goneriior of Indiana : 

Sir We, the undersigned members of the Indiana Shiloh 

National Park Commission, appointed by you under an act of the 
General Assembly of Indiana, approved March 11, 1901, to 
locate positions of Indiana troops and erect monuments therefor 
on the Battlefield of Shiloh, have the honor to submit our report 
relating to our duties in pursuance of said act. 
Respectfully submitted, 

Thomas B. AVood, Chairman. 
jSTicholas E^'SLEY, Secretary. 




OLIVER P. MORTON 

WAR GOVERNOR 




HON. WINFIELD T. DURBIN 
GOVERNOR OF INDIANA 

AA'iufield T. Durbin Avas not of a sufficient age at the beginning of the 
War of the Rebellion to become a soldier, but, when yet a youth, gave 
a year of active sen-ice to his country, serving in the Sixteenth and One 
Hundred and Thirty-ninth Indiana Regiments. He was the youngest of 
six brothers, all of whom were soldiers. 

In the war with Spain, Colonel Durbin commanded the One Hundred 
and Sixty-first Indiana Regiment, and was stationed at Havana attached 
to the Seventh Corps, Army of Occupation. 



11 



Preface 

IN accordance with an act of Congress, approved December 27, 
1894, and an act of the General Assembly of the State of 
Indiana, approved March 11, 1901, the Honorable AVinfield 
T. Durbin, Governor of said State, appointed the following named 
members to constitute the Indiana Shiloh National Park Com- 
mission, all soldiers of the War of the Rebellion, six of whom 
were present and engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, to wit : 

Thomas B. Wood Franklin 

G. E. Gardiner Bluffton 

Edwin Nicar^ South Bend 

John E. Wildman Muucie 

J. S. Wright Rockport 

Benjamin M. Hutchins Columbus 

Nicholas Ensley Indianapolis 

The members organized by electing Tliomas B. Wood Chairman 
and Edwin Nicar^ Secretary. The Commission, after performing 
its duty required by the acts, presents its report. The contents 
is a brief statement of the part taken by Indiana soldiers in the 
Battle of Shiloh; the erection of monuments on the battlefield, 
and a brief history of the two days' engagements, April 6 and 7, 
1862, is given and made part hereof. 

More than forty years have elapsed since the great battle of 
the War of the Rebellion took place. History has been written 
and much has been said concerning this great engagement. The 
object of the volume is to show merely the part Indiana troops 
have taken in this important engagement of the late war. The 
several Indiana regiments, as well as companies of artillery, ^\ath 
their respective Commanders, also Generals of division and bri- 
gades commanding Indiana troops, are given. 

> Captain Edwin Nicar resigned. Major Wildman was appointed as Secretary, ami 
upon liis resignation Captain Nicholas Ensley, the present Secretary, was elected. 

13 



Indiana at Shiloh 

The War Department has published a record of facts taken 
from official reports of the commanding officers in this great bat- 
tle, and for that reason the part taken by Indiana troops oaly is 
given. The memorials to the valor and chivalry of the Indiana 
soldiers on the Battlefield of Shiloh will mark the scenes of con- 
flict for generations to come. 



14 



The Battle of Shiloh 

ITS IMPORTANCE TO THE UNION CAUSE 

THE Battle of Shiloh, or Pittsl)ui-g Laudiiiii', funght on Sim- 
day and Monday, April 6 and 7, 186-2, was the iirst great 
1)attle of the AVar of the Kebellion, and tlie importance 
of this victory for the I^nion eanse was at onc-e recognized and 
appreciated in the i^^orth. 

The events prior and leading np to this great hattle between 
the Xorth and the Sonth have long since become American his- 
torv ; nevertheless, wrong impressions ha^-e been formed, caused 
by the many conflicting written statements of the many writers. 

The events of Fort Henry and Fort Donelson in February, 
1862, brought Grant before the country with much prominence, 
and his reputation as a fighting General was at once established 
and recognized throughout the nation. He outshone in promi- 
nence nearly all others except, perhaps, General George B. Mc- 
Clellan. The disasters to the Southern cause luul a depressing 
effect on the people of the South and caused them to make great 
efforts in hopes to retrieve what had been their misfortune to 
lose. In the North it added much strength and confidence, and 
created a sanguine feeling of an early termination of the war. 
This notion or belief not only prevailed among the citizens of the 
entire Xorth, but also among the soldiers they had sent to fight 
the battles of the war. 

It had been shown already that the successful ofiicers were to 
be those from West Point, but even they were getting their first 
experience in the handling of large masses of men. There were 
many ambitions yet to be satisfied, and many wished for a chance 
to do what General Grant had done. These conditions prevented 
that unanimity of purpose which is essential for military success 
and the prospect for an early close of the war. 

General Halleck, the originator of the plans so successfully 

15 



Indiana at Shiloh 

accomplished by Grant, alone seemed displeased, and npon a very 
flimsv excuse at the begianiug of an important campaign about 
to be undertaken removed General Grant from the command of 
the Army of the Tennessee, replacing him with General C. F. 
Smith. Halleck's ambition seemed to have been greater than his 
patriotism, and the blunders made by him came near converting 
the victory at Donelson into a national disaster. 

The army, under the successor of Grant, General C. F. Smith, 
moved up the Tennessee River into the very jaws of the Confed- 
eracy, with the intention of rendezvousing at Savannah, on the 
east side. Sherman was sent forward oa the Yellow Creek expe- 
dition for the purpose of destroying railroad communication to 
the west of Corinth, Avhich was the objective point of the cam- 
paign. The high waters made Sherman's mission a failure, and 
he was compelled to return. It was reported to General Smith 
that a more convenient place for disembarking his army was at 
Pittsburg Landing, ten miles above Savannah, and on the west 
side of the river, from which direct roads led to Corinth. General 
Smith, therefore, ordered his troops to concentrate there. It was 
General Smith's plan, approved by Flalleck, that whatever force 
he was able to collect at Pittsburg Landing by about the middle 
of March he was to move at once against Corinth. At that time 
the Confederates had but few troops there, and any considerable 
force would have found an easy conquest, and the important rail- 
roads at that point would have been in possession of the Union 
army. The events that followed, preventing the consumnuition 
of these plans, seemed at the time too insignificant to be noted. 

The headquarters of the army were on a transport in the Ten- 
nessee River, and General Smith had not yet been to Pittsburg 
Landing. Fie wished to give some orders personally to General 
Lew Wallace and consult him in regard to the advance on Corinth, 
and ordered his boat to lie alongside of the one on which General 
Wallace had his headquarters. General Smith, in attempting 
to jump from one boat to the other, fell and injured his knee 
severely and to such an extent as to disable him, and he was 
removed to the Cherrv residence in Savannah, wliich he never left 



k; 



The Battle of Shiloh 

alive. Halleck was notified of the accident to General Smith and 
its serious aspect, and was compelled to reinstate Grant in com- 
mand, but issued orders in connection to the effect that the con- 
templated advance on Corintli should be suspended until General 
Buell, with the Army of the Ohio, which was then at ^N^ashville, 
should join the Army of the Tennessee, and that the latter army 
should go into camp at Pittsburg Landing pending the arrival of 
Buell, and also that Grant should make his headquarters at 
Savannah. 

This arrangement gave the enemy an opportunity to concen- 
trate their scattered forces. By the first of April they had an 
army ready for action larger than the Federal Army concentrated 
at Pittsburg Landing, which was waiting for the arrival of Buell. 

General Albert Sidney Johnston, who was in command at 
Corinth, was still smarting under the criticism and abuse of the 
Southern press for the loss of Kentucky and Forts Henry and 
Donelson, now saw his opportunity to recover his prestige and 
reputation by striking a blow for the Southern cause that could 
put the Confederates in a position to become the aggressors and 
compel the North to give up all that had been gained. 

The plans of General Johnston were known to only a few of 
his most intimate Generals and officers. It was decided to strike 
the army under Grant at Pittsburg Landing before he could con- 
nect with Buell, and the aim was to force the Union left flank 
to the Landing, double the army up in the marshes of Owl Creek, 
compelling it to surrender. 

Wlien the time arrived for execution, Johnston firmly and de- 
cidedly ordered and led the attack in the execution of his general 
plan, and, notwithstanding the faulty arrangement of troops, was 
eminently successful up to the moment of his fall. Had not Gen- 
eral Johnston lost his life, but succeeded in destroying the Army 
of the Tennessee, it can well be imagined what the result might 
have been upf)n the destiny of this countr3\' The Confederacy 
had already been recognized by Great Britain, and the lukewarm- 
ness of some other European nations tow^ard this Government 
could be plainly noticed. A Union disaster of such magnitude 

(2) 17 



Indiana at Shiloh 

and a Confedorate victory of such iiii])ortaiico and at such a time 
wouhl no douht luive brought general recognition and forced us 
to open the Idockaded ports of the South. 

The loss of the Battle of Shiloh, with the death of General 
Albert Sidney Johnston, who fell mortally wouuded, was a severe 
one for the Confederacy— in fact, it was the beginning of the 
end of the great War of the Kebellion. 

On the Union side, the success of (Irant caused great enthusi- 
asm and c-eneral rcjoiciug throughout the Xorth. (leneral Hal- 
leck alone seeiue*! displeased, llis predictions had been proven 
unreliable. 



IS 



Shiloh National Military Park 

TIIK Sliiloh National .Military Park was established by act of 
Congress, approved December 27, 1894, iu order that ''the 
Annies of the Sonthwest may have the history of one of 
their memorable battles preserved on the gronnd where they 
fonght." 

A Xational Commission was appointed, representing the Fed- 
eral and Confederate Armies that engaged in the battle. Under 
the provisions of the act of Congress the Secretary of War ap- 
pointed as Commissioners Colonel Cornelins Cadle, of Cincinnati, 
Ohio, for Army of the Tennessee, Chairman; General Don Carlos 
Bnell. of Paradise, Kentncky, for Army of the Ohio ; Colonel 
Iiol)ort K. Looney, of Memphis, Tennessee, for Army of the 
Mississi])pi ; ^lajor D. W. Reed, of Chicago, Illinois, Secretary 
and Historian, and Ca])tain James W. Irwin, of Savannah, Ten- 
nessee, Agent for the Purchase of Land. 

The Commission met and organized A})ril 2, 1895, at Pittsburg 
Landing, Tennessee, and at once entered u})on the discharge of 
its duties under the direction of the Secretary of War. Mr. 
-Tames M. lliddell was a|)])ointed Clerk of the Commission. 

Mr. Atwell Thom])son, civil engineer, of Chattanooga, Tennes- 
see, was empl«\yed to take charge of the work. Under his direc- 
tion surveys were made and parallel lines run across the field, 
from north to south, every two hundred feet, upon which stakes 
were set two hundred feet apart. From this survey levels were 
taken and a contoured topographical map made of all the land 
within the limits of the Park — al>out 3,700 acres. 

Ceneral Don Carlos Ihudl died on November 19, 1899, and 
]\rajor J. If. Asheraft, late of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky Volun- 
teers, was api)ointe(l in his place. 

Colonel Pobert F. Looney died Xovendx'r 1!», 1899, and Colo- 
nel .Tosiah Patterson, late of the First Alabama (Javalrv, was 

19 



Indiana at Shiloh 

appointed in his place. Colonel Patterson died February 12, 
1904, and General Basil Duke, of Louisville, Kentucky, was 
appointed to fill the vacancy. 

The Governors of the States whose troops were engaged in the 
battle on either side were requested by the National Commission 
to recommend to their several legislatures the enactment of the 
necessary laws, so that the individual States could cooperate with 
the National authorities in the erection of monuments, tablets, 
and other appropriate memorials to perpetuate in an enduring 
manner the heroic bravery of the men who fought on this bloody 

field of battle. 

Of the Northera States, Indiana, while it did not have the 
greatest number, was, nevertheless, represented by nineteen regi- 
ments of infantry, two batteries of artillery and one regiment of 
cavalry. It was exceeded in numbers by the States of Illinois 
and Ohio. 

Of the Southern States, Tennessee had the greatest number 
of troops in the battle, and as Shiloh National Park is located in 
that State, it will no doubt be the first of the Southern States 
to join this National memorial to the soldiers who fought on this 

bloody field. 

Much labor and work has been done by the large number of 
men employed in order to restore as near as possible to the same 
condition the battlefield as it was on April 6 and 7, 1862. Fine 
boulevards and roadways have been constructed leading to every 
point of interest in the Park. Metal signs aad tablets give the 
visitor all necessary information, so that guides are not necessary. 
The Government, at its own expense, is placing the foundation 
for each monument, thus obtainiag solid and lasting structures 
upon which to erect them. The Park, when completed, will be 
superior in beauty and interest to any National Park now in 
existence. Everything that can add to its beauty and interest 
is being done. 

The 6th aid 7th of April, 1003, was agreed upon by the Com- 
mission as the proper time for the dedication of the Indiana 
monuments erected— that being the forty-first anniversary of the 
great Battle of Shiloh. 

20 



\ 



Historical Sketch 

OF EACH INDIANA ORGANIZATION PRIOR TO THE 
BATTLE OF SHILOH 

THE short historical sketches hereafter given of each Indiana 
organization represented by a nionnment in the National 
Military Park at the Battlefield of Shiloh are intended to 
only embrace the services of each up to the Battle of Shiloh. 

The photo-engi-ftvings of the monuments show the inscriptions 
of each organization in front. The historical inscriptions are 
placed on the back of same. 

The location of each Indiana monument placed in the National 
Military Park, together with the names of the Commanders of 
each battery, regiment, brigade and division to which they were 
attached, will also be found. 



21 




MAJOR GENERAL ULYSSES S. GRANT 



Commander of the Union Army, known as the 
Army of the Tennessee, in the battle of Shiloh, 
April 6 and 7, 1862. Assisted on April 7th, the 

second DAY'S battle, BY THE ARMY OF THE OHIO, UNDER 
COMMAND OF MAJOR GENERAL DON CARLOS BUELL. 




GENERAL ALBERT SIDNEY JOHNSTON 



CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY 



Commander in Chief of the Confederate Army, 
known as the army of the mississippi, in the bat- 
TLE OF Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. He fell on 
Sunday, the 6th, the first day'S battle, at 2:30 

P.M., WHILE in front COMMANDING HIS TROOPS IN THE 
THICKEST OF THE BATTLE. GENERAL G. T. BEAUREGARD, 
BEING SECOND IN COMMAND, SUCCEEDED TO THE COM- 
MAND OF THE ARMY. 



ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 



Major General U. S. GRANT 



COMMANDING 




COLONEL GEORGE F. McGINNIS 

ELEVENTH INFANTRY 



Eleventh Infantry 

T]1E Eleventh Txeoinieiit was (listiui-nished not only as a 
fighting regiment, hut had the honor of fnrnishing one 
Major General and two Brigadier Generals who served 
their country in the held and in civil life with honor and dis- 
tinction. 

The regiment was organized and mnstcred into service for three 
months at Indianapolis on the 25th of April, 1S61, with Lewis 
Wallace as Colonel. In the early part of May it moved to Evans- 
ville, where it remained on duty blockading the Ohio River to 
prevent the shipping of contraband goods to insurrectory States. 
On the Tth of June the regiment left Evansville for Cumberland, 
Maryland, and was assigned to General Thomas A. Morris's First 
Indiana Brigade and placed on detached service. Under instruc- 
tion from General Robert Patterson it marched against a force 
of about five hundred Confederates at Romney, Virginia, which 
influenced General J. E. Johnson in his decision to evacuate 
Harper's Ferry. A skirmish at Kelley Island, with the loss of 
one man, and a few marches thereafter, ended the three months' 
service. In the latter part of Jnly the regiment reached Indi- 
anapolis for muster-out and reorganization. It was mustered into 
the three years' service on the 31st day of August, 1S61, with 
Lew Wallace as Colonel, and left Indianapolis for St. Louis. 
Missouri, on the 0th of September. On the Sth the regiment 
embarked on a steamer for Paducah, Kentucky, where Lieutenant 
Colonel George E. McGinnis was made Colonel, vice Lew Wallace, 
appointed Brigadier General. 

During its long encampment at Paducah, by daily drilling and 
instructions the regiment became very efficient and was recognized 
afterward as one of the best drilled regiments in the army. It 
marched to Calloway's Landing,, on the Tennessee River, and 
returned to Paducah. On the 5th of February the regiment wa* 

27 



This page first gives the location of the Monunient erected by the State of Iiidiaha, 
in memory of her Eleventh Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- 
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



ELE\T:XTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 112, Station 90-75 and GO feet west, in Crescent field, 325 feet west of the 
Seventy-fifth Ohio Monument and about 275 feet east of the Twenty-fourth Indiana 
Jiegiruent Monument location. 



11TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 

(ZOUAVES) 



COMMANDED BY 

COL. GEORGE F. McGINNIS 

1ST BRIGADE — COL. M. L. SMITH 
3D DIVISION-MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 



INDIANA 



11TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
COL. GEORGE F. McGINNIS 



From Crump's Landing, April 6, 1862, this regiment marched 
TO Stony Lonesome; thence. 12 m. to a point near Clear Creek; 

COUNTERMARCHING THERE, IT REACHED BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH 

noAD, 7;30p.m. April 7th, ENGAGED enemy 5 ; 30 A.m., DROVE him 

BACK TO THIS POSITION, WHERE IT WAS FURIOUSLY ASSAILED FOR TWO 

HOURS. Enemy gave way. Pursued him till nightfall, halting 
ON south side OF Shiloh Branch. Casualties— killed, 11 men; 

WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 50 MEN; TOTAL. 62. 



Eleventh Infantry 

transjKirted by steamer to the yicinitv of Fort Henry, diseuibark- 
ing- on the op]^o.site side, near Fort Hcinian, where a slight skir- 
mish took phice. It was actiyely engaged in the battle of Fort 
Donelson, an<l after its snrrender returned to Fort Heiman, 
where, on the 0th of ^Faroh, it was transported by steamboat to 
Cruniji's Lauding. Fi-om there it marched, on the 6th of April, 
to Stonv Lonesome, thence at noon to a point near Clear Creek. 
Countermarching there, it reached the battletield via Savannah 
road at 7.30 o'clock p.m., and at .5.30 o'clock on the morning 
of the 7th formed into line of battle and took position on the 
left of Thom]ison's Ninth Indiana Battery, under command of 
First Lieutenant (ieoi-oe M. Lrown, supporting the same. Skir- 
niislicrs wci'c (l(']>l(iye(l, and after occu])ying this position f(»r a 
considerable length of time the I'egiment was ordered to advance 
and take a position half a mile to the front, on a hill, and within 
five hundred yards of a rebel battery. The position at this point 
was on the right of Thomi)son's Battery, where it was held under 
a heavy tire fi-om the enemy's guns for two hours, when the 
enemy ga^-e way, followed up by the Fleventh. The advance was 
slow but steady and certain. 

About 10 o'clock the regiment was notified that, in conjunction 
with the Twenty-fourth Indiana, it would be required to charge 
and take a rebel battery, but as the enemy vacated their position 
the or<ler to charge was not given. 

At 12 o'clock the rebels made their api)earance in large num- 
bers in the immediate front of the regiment, and a steady and 
long-eontinue(l tire upon them was the result, and such a deadly 
and destructive tire was poured into them that their advance was 
stopped, and after a desperate struggle to maintain their ground 
they were forced to retreat, doggedly falling back. 

At 2.30 o'clo(d-c the Federal forces were falling back, while 
the enemy was advancing. During this, the most trying moment 
of the day, orders were received to fall back if it got too hot. 
but as there were tliree regiments ready to support the Eleventh 
in its imniediate rear, it did not fall back, but held its position 
throughout. Fortunat(dy, and much to its relief, at this critical 
moment the Thirty-.-econd Indiana, Colonel August AVillich, came 

31 



Indiana at Shiloh 

up to its support, and with their assistance the advancing enemy 
was compelled to retire. The regiment moved into line at once 
and again made a forward movement, halting on the south side 
of Shiloh Branch, when it received three cheers — the intelligence 
that the rebel army was in full retreat. 



32 



<9 



(X. 



Twenty-third Infantry 

THE Twentv-tliird Regiment was organized at Camp ISTpble, 
Xew Albany, aad was mustered into service on the 20tli 
of -Inly, 1861. William L. Sanderson, Colonel. 

Early in August it was ordered to St. Louis, Missouri, and 
from thence to Padueah, Kentucky, where it remained until the 
early part of February, 1862, drilling and preparing for active 
service. 

The first engagement of the regiment took place in the attack 
on Fort Henry, in February, 1862. The Twenty-third was placed 
on gnnboats to assist in the capture of the fort. The gunboat 
"Essex," on which Company B was placed, became seriously dam- 
aged while nearing Fort Henry by the explosion of one of her 
boilers, which caused a loss of njany men to this company. 

After the fall of Forts. Heiman and Henry the regiment moved 
up the Tennessee River with Grant's army and was assigned to 
the Second Brigade (Colonel J. M. Thayer) of General Lew 
Wallace's Division. It went into camp at Stony Lonesome, two 
and one-half miles from the Tennessee River, on the Purdy road. 

On the morning of April 6th it marched to the battlefield, 
arriving there about 6 o'clock p.m., and took its position ready 
for action. 

The Twenty-third's ])Osition was about one mile east of Shiloh 
Church, the right front of Lew Wallace's Division on Snake 
Creek. In this position the regiment was in line all night in a 
drenching rain, supporting Thompson's I^inth Indiana Battery. 
On the morning of the 7th the regiment went into the fight at 
daybreak. It was charged by the Texan Rangers (cavalry), who 
were repulsed and driven back, and was next assaulted and 
charged by the Louisiana Tigers (infantry-),, who fought desper- 
atelv but were finallv routed and driven' back. The regiment 
followed up its victory and continued' driving*^ the enemy back 
until hite m the evening, when firing ceasea, .and^.tlie victory was 
won. - 

35 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the f tate of I>'<i>ana, 
in memory of her Twenty-third Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on hhiloh National Mili- 
tary Park, at l^ittsbur- Landing. Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the ba<k of Monumen.. 



TWENTY-THIRD INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 12*, Station J)4-.S4 and 4:^ feet east, <5r>0 teet southeast of the Seventy-eii^htli 
Ohio Monument in the woods. 



23 D 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 
COL. WILLIAM L. SANDERSON 

2D BRIGADE-COL. J. M. THAYER 
3D DIVISION -MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 



INDIANA 



23D INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
COL. WILLIAM L. SANDERSON 



FROM Stony Lonesome, April 6, 1862, at 12 m.. this regiment 

MARCHED TO A POINT NEAR CLEAR CREEK; COUNTERMARCHED THERE. 
IT REACHED BATTLEFIELD. VIA SAVANNAH ROAD. 7:30 P M. APRIL 7TH, 
FORMED LINE OF BATTLE AT SUNRISE. ENGAGED THE ENEMY. DROVE HIM TO 
THIS POSITION. WHERE TWO HOURS OF DESPERATE FIGHTING OCCURRED. 

Enemy retreated, followed by this regiment until nightfall. 

CASUALTIES-KILLED, 7 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 34 MEN; MISSING. 
1 MAN; TOTAL, 43. 




COLONEL ALVliM P. HOVEY 
TWENTY-FOURTH INFANTRY 



Twenty-fourth Infantry 

THE Twenty-fourth liegiiiient was organized and mustered 
into service at Vincennes on the 31st of July, 1861, with 
Alvin P. Hovey as Colonel. On the 19th of August it left 
camp to join Fremont's army at St. Louis. The regiment soon 
moved into the interior of Missouri, wliere it remained until 
February, 1862, when it was ordered to reinforce the army then 
investing Fort Donelson. Reaching Paducah, Kentucky, the day 
after the surrender of Fort Donelson, it proceeded to Fort 
Henry, where it remained until the advance of Grant's army 
to Pittsburg Landing. It was encamped at Crump's Landing, 
and from there it marched, on the 6th of April, to Stony Lone- 
some, thence at noon to a point near Clear Creek. Counter- 
marching tlicre, it reached the battlefield at 7 o'clock p.m., a ad 
early in the morning of the 7th the entire brigade was at once 
formed in line of battle. About 6.30 o'clock a.m. skirmishers 
were tlirown out in advance, wdio were at once fired upon by the 
enemy, but the Twenty-fourth held its ground and, advancing, 
drove the rebels before them. Thence it passed through a small 
woodland ravine into an open field, and on a double-quick rushed 
forward to support one of the Union batteries, which was playing 
with deadly effect upon the rebel batteries, until the enemy was 
compelled to fall back, unable to maintain the position. A halt 
was now ordered for a few minutes, while shot and shell rained 
thick and fast. The Twenty-fourth, with the First Brigade, 
again advanced and passed through another field, where a stub- 
born and desperate conflict ensued. About 11 o'clock a.m. three 
gallant officers of the regiment fell — Lieutenant Colonel Gerber, 
Captain McGuffin, and Lieutenant Southwick. 

The skirmishers and battery again forced the rebels back, 
closely follow^cd by the brigade, into a strip of woods, where a 

41 



This pag-e lirst givt-s the location of tlie Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Twenty-fourth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Hliiloh National 
Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front 
of Monument: and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



TWENTY-FOURTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 114, Station 9(5-85 and SO feet west. In the south end of Crescent field and 
")00 feet west of the Seventy-sixth Ohio Monument. 



24.TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



comya\[)::d e/ 
COL. alv:n p. hovey 

13T BRIGADE-COL. W.. L. SMITH 
3D DIVISION- MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 



INDIANA 



24TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED EY 
COL. ALVIN P. HOVEY 



From Crumps Landing, April 6, 1862, this regiment marched 
TO Stony Lonesome, thence 12 m. to « point near Clear Creek; 

COUNTERMARCHED THERE, IT REACHED BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH ROAD, 

7:30 P.M. April 7th, engaged the enemy at 5:30 a.m., drove him 

BACK to this position, WHERE IT WAS FURIOUSLY ASSAULTED FOR TWO 

HOURS. Enemy gave way, pursued him till nightfall, halting on 

SOUTH side of ShILOH BRANCH. CASUALTIES— KILLED, 3 OFFICERS AND 
3 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 44 MFN; TOTAL, 51. 



Twenty-fourth Infantry 

terrible conflict of musketry ensued, which continued for several 
liours, the enemy contesting every inch of ground. During the 
day every company of the Twenty-fourth was deployed as skir- 
mishers. It fought bravely and gallantly during the entire day, 
halting on the south side of Shiloh Branch when victory was pro- 
claimed by cheers over cheers from all over the battlefield. 



45 




COLONEL J. C. VEATCH 

TWENTY-FIFTH INFANTRY 



Twenty-fifth Infantry 

THE Twenty-fifth Ileginient Avas organized at Evansville July 
17, 1861, and mustered into service for three years at the 
same place on August 10, 1861. The regiment moved to 
and remained in camp at St. Louis, Missouri, until September 
14th, when it proceeded to Jeiferson City and from thence to 
GeorgetoAvn. In October it participated in the march of Fre- 
mont's army to Springfield and back again to Otterville, march- 
ing two hundred and forty miles ,iu about two weeks' time. It 
remained in the vicinity of Otterville and Lamine River bridge 
until December, when it marched with Pope's Division south of 
AVarrensburg, forming part of the auxiliary force that captured 
thirteen hundred rebels on the Blackwater on the 19th of Decem- 
ber. It took charge of 'the prisoners an)l iliarched them to Sedalia, 
from thence by rail to St. Louis, and joined the transports to 
reinforce the expedition up the Tennessee River against Fort 
Donelsoa. It took an active part in this battle, «with a loss of 
sixteen killed and eighty wounded. It formed a part of the 
storming party on the 15th that w^ent into and held the outer 
works of the fort, with a loss of four wounded. 

On the 5th of March it left Fort Donelson, marched to Fort 
Henry, and there embarked on transports, disembarking at Pitts- 
burg Landing on the 18th, 'where it remained in camp until the 
6th of April, when it participated in the Battle of Shiloh, engag- 
ing the enemy on both days. The regiment was commanded by 
Lieutenant Colonel William H. Morgan and attached to the Sec- 
ond Brigade (Colonel J. C. Veatch) of General Hurlbut's Divi- 
sion, Army of the Tennessee. The position assigned to it was 
on the edge of the field used as a review ground, where it 
remained for nearly an hour. The forces engaging the enemy 
were driven back from the front of this regiment and a large part 
of the retwatiug eolurnu was driven through the lines of the 

47 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected Ijy the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Twenty-fifth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili- 
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



TWENTY-FIFTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 94, Station S4-87 and 12 feet east, on north side of Corinth Koad, and just 
west of the point where the road leading to General McCleriiand's headquarters 
intersects it; 200 feet northwest of McAllister's Battery Monument. 



25TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM H. MORGAN 

2D BRIGADE-COL. J. C. VEATCH 
4TH DIVISION — GEN. HURLBUT 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 

INDIANA 



25TH INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

LIEUT. COL. WILLIAM H. MORGAN 

(wouNoeo) 

MAJ. JOHN W. FOSTER 



This regiment took this position at 9 a.m., April 6, 1862, and 

HELD IT against A FIERCE ASSAULT OF THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS. BE- 
ING FLANKED, FELL BACK 100 YARDS; AGAIN IT FELL BACK 100 YARDS. 
HERE REGIMENT WAS FURIOUSLY ASSAILED BY INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY, 
WHICH CAUSED IT TO FALL BACK SLOWLY TO THE RIGHT OF THE SIEGE 
GUNS, WHERE IT RESTED SUNDAY NIGHT. ON MONDAY, APRIL 7, REGIMENT 
CONTINUED IN BATTLE DURING THE DAY. CASUALTIES — KILLED, 2 OFFICERS 
AND 19 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 111 MEN; MISSING, 3 MEN; 
TOTAL, 139. 




(4) 



Twenty-fifth Infantry 

Twenty-fifth. TJie lines of this regiment contimied nnbrokea. 
It fought bravely and gallantly, and an attempt to give a perma- 
nent check to their progress was unavailing. The regiments on 
its right began to waver and fall back, compelling the Twenty- 
fifth to do likewise in order to keep from being completely sur- 
rounded by the overwhelming numbers attacking. Here Lieu- 
tenant Colonel William II. Morgan, commanding the regiment, 
was wounded and carried from the field. The cormnand of the 
regiment was assumed by Major John W. Foster, who rallied the 
men to their colors, which action no doubt saved it from entire 
dismemberment. 

Early next morning the regiment was formed again in line of 
battle, and fought with skill and courage to the end of the engage- 
ment. 

The following account of the great battle, written by Major 
John W. Foster, of the Twenty-fifth Indiana, is the most clear 
relation we have yet mot with : 

[New York Semi-Weekly Tribune, Tuesday. April 22, 1862.] 

Pittsburg Landing, Tenn., April 7, 1862, 
Dear Father — Tired, worn out, almost exhausted, I have just 
brought the remnant of the noble Twenty-fifth Indiana back into 
our old camp from the front of the hardest fought, most strongly 
contested and bloodiest battlefield upon the American continent. 
But I can not lie down without first preparing a short account 
of it, to assure you of my own personal safety, the gallant .conduct 
of our regiment, and the glorious triumph of our arms. A ter- 
rible conflict of two full days of continuous fighting has this even- 
ing left us in possession of the field, which was at one time almost 
lost. 

Yesterday (Sunday) morning, about 6.30 o'clock, just after 
we had finished breakfast, we were attracted by a continuous 
roar of musketry, with occasional discharges of artillery on our 
extreme left, near the river. In a few minutes we were in line 
of battle and moving forward to the attack. We had hardly left 
the camp before we saw the roads full of our flying men, and 
all along the route for the two miles we passed over were strewn 

51 



Indiana at Shiloh 

guns, knapsacks and blankets, and ^ve found to our dismay that 
our front had been completely surprised, one whole division scat- 
tered and retreating in utter confusion, and the enemy in force 
already a mile within our camps. 
\ 




MAJOR JOHN W. FOSTER 

COMMANDING TWENTY-FIFTH INDIANA REGIMENT 
AT SHILOH, APRIL 6 AND 7, 1862 



AVe were drawn up in line of battle, our brigade, under com- 
mand of Colonel Veatch, in a skirt of timber bordering a large 
field, on the outer edge of which our troops were engaging the 
enemy. But the enemy pressed on in overwhelming force, and just 
as the troops in front of us began to waver we discovered that the 



52 



Twenty-fifth Infantry 

enemy had flanked iis on the right and was rapidly advancing (in 
what force "\ve knew not, bnt the woods were perfectly swarming) 
to attack onr brigade on the right and rear. So it became neces- 
sary for us to change onr front to the rear to meet them. 

The Fifteenth Illinois was on the right, the Fourteenth Illinois 
in the center, and the Twenty-fifth Indiana on the left ; the other 
regiment^ — the Forty-sixth Illinois- — by the rapid flanking of the 
enemy becoming detached from the brigade, was not with us 
again during the whole action. This brought the first fire upon 
the Fifteenth Illinois, which stood it nobly but was soon overpow- 
ered; likewise the Fourteenth. In the meantime the troops in 
front and on the left w^ere completely routed by the enemy and 
came pell-mell right through our lines, causing some little con- 
fusion, and hardly had they passed through to the rear before 
the enemy were upon us, and here the fire of musketry was most 
terrible. 

Our men tried to stand up to it, but everything was breaking 
to pieces all around us and it was more than we could do, short 
of annihilation. We poured in a few well-directed volleys and 
reluctantly left the field, many of our men firing as they fell 
back. The loss here was A-ery heavy. All the field ofiicers of 
the Twenty-fifth Illinois were killed instantly, and many com- 
missioned officers; two of our Lieutenants were killed and three 
wounded, and one of our Captains is either killed or a pris- 
oner. We Avill make thorough search for him on the field in tlie 
morning. 

We left dead on this field fifteen men killed almost instantly 
on the first fire, and a large number wounded. At the first fire 
Lieutenant Colonel Morgan was wounded in the leg (not seri- 
ously), and was immediately carried off the field. Frcmi this time 
I led the regiment in person. I did all I could to make the men 
contest the ground firmly as they fell back, and on the first 
favorable ground, about one hundred yards from the first line 
of battle, I planted the colors and mounted a fallen tree, and, 
waving my hat with all my might, I cheered and called upoa the 
men to rally on the flag — never to desert their colors. All of 
the left wing responded to my call most nobly, and rallied with 

63 



Indiana at Shiloh 

considerable alacrity under a most galling and dangei-ous fire. 
I did not see Colonel Morgan fall, and supposed he had charge 
of the right wing, but the various Captains collected a large num- 
ber of men, and as soon as I got under cover of the regiments 
on the left and rear they brought their men up and joined me, 
and I thus had still quite a battalion, notwithstanding the killed 
and number wounded, and the straying or lost ones. The men 
who came to me at this time had been "tried in the furnace" and 
were true men, and during all the trying scenes of the rest of 
the day and of today they never faltered in obeying my commands 
and did most bravely. 

As soon as our brigade was collected Colonel Veatch moved 
us over to the right to support General McClernand's Division, 
which was being very hard pressed by the enemy, said to be com- 
manded by Beauregard. The left, so our prisoners report, was 
commanded by Bragg and the center by Johnston. They also 
report that the column that attacked our brigade in the morning, 
of which I have just spoken, numbers 12,000 under Bragg, and 
that the whole force was near 100,000, but we do not know — only 
that it was very large, sufficiently so to attack our extensive camp 
on all sides in heavy force. 

In the afternoon our pickets reported the enemy advancing 
against us, on the left of General McClernand. As soon as we 
had drawn them well up by our picket skirmish, under Captain 
Rheinlander, the Fourteenth Illinois flanked them and was just 
beginning to pour upon them a heavy fire, while we were moving 
up to the assistance of the Fourteeath in fine style, when the 
whole mass of our left, which had for five or six hours been 
steadily and stubbornly contesting the victorious advance of the 
enemy in that direction, gave ^vay in all directions, about half -past 
three, and came sweeping by us in utter and total confusion — 
cavalry, ambulances, artillery, and thousands of infantry, all in 
one mass, while the enemy were following closely in pursuit, at 
the same time throwing grape, canister and shells thick and fast 
among them. 

It was a time of great excitement and dismay. It appeared 
that all was lost; but I was unwilling to throw our regiment into 

54 



Twenty-fifth Infantry 

the flying mass, only to be trampled to pieces and thoroughly dis- 
organized and broken. So I held them back in the wash on the 
side of the road until the mass of the rout had passed, when I 
put my men in the rear of the retreat and by this means fell into 
a heavy cross fire of the enemy, but I preferred that to being 
crushed to pieces by our own army. Here we lost a number of 
men killed, and many wounded. 

Among those who fell, wounded badly in the leg, was Sergeant 
Major William Jones, who had stood right by me fearlessly 
through the whole day. This rout decided that day's work. We 
were driven back nearly to the river landing, but still the ground 
was strongly defended all the time, but the enemy kept pressing 
us in all the time, and if at this time they had made a bold and 
united charge all along their line we would have been totally 
and utterly routed ; but a half -hour's apparent cessation of heavy 
firing gave om- scattered forces time to rally, while the first two 
regiments of Buell's long-expected advance took position on the 
hill in the rear, and our forces fell back and formed with them 
near the landing for a final stand. 

About 5 o'clock in the evening the enemy made a heavy charge 
and attempted to carry this position. The contest was most ter- 
rible ; the roar of musketry was one continuous peal for near half 
an hour. All that saved us was two heavy siege pieces on the hill 
and the firmness of our men on this last stand. Night closed 
in on us, with almost the whole of our extensive camps in the 
hands of the enemy. It was a gloomy night for us all, and to 
add to our discomforts we had a heavy rain with no shelter. But 
we had saved enough ground to make a stand upon, aad during 
the night 20,000 fresh troops from Buell's army were transported 
across the river and Lew Wallace moved up his division from 
below on our right. 

This morning at dawn of day began one of the grandest and 
most terrific battles ever fought. Buell moved forward on the 
left and center, and Wallace on the right, with their fresh troops, 
while Grant's army steadily followed them up and held the 
ground firmly as it was gained. From early in the morning until 
3 o'clock in the afternoon the roar of musketry and artillery was 

55 



Indiana at Shiloh 

one almost continuous thunder. It was grand ])e_vond description. 
I have not time to tell you of it in this letter, and you will have 
it fully described in the newspapers. 

The enemy fought with great desperation and steadiness, but 
Wallace continued to press them on the right, driving them to 
the left, and Buell pressing them on the left, driving them to 
the right, until they were getting completely outflanked, when 
at 3 o'clock our brigade was ordered up to the front and center 
and directed to charge the retreating enemy, but they traveled 
too fast for us. Nothing but cavalry could reach them. We re- 
mained on tlio outposts until evening, and then came in to get 
a good night's sleep in our camp after the fatigues of a two days' 
steady fight. The night is terribly disagreeable- — rainy and chilly 
— and tens of thousands of troops are sleeping on the bare ground 
with no covering, just as we did last night. 

Indiana has borne an honorable part in the great battle. I 
know that the Ninth, Eleventh, Twenty-fifth, Thirty-first, Thirty- 
second, Forty-fourth and Fifty-seventh Regiments were engaged, 
and I think the Twenty-third and Twenty-fourth, with several 
others, I have no doubt, though I have been too busy on the field 
to know much of it ; have not even had time yet to see Colonel 
Morgan or our wounded officers and men. The Forty-second was 
busy here today, but I hardly think it was in the fight, though 
it may have been. Thompson's Battery is said to have done noble 
work. Alecy was busy with the trains and baggage. The enemy 
came right up to our tents ; the camp was shelled ; he had to move 
wagons and baggage to the landing ; did his duty well. But we 
are back again tonight. 

I tried in this terrible conflict to do my duty well, and I am 
willing to leave to my officers and men the judgment. 

I forgot to mention Colonel Veatch. He acted with great cool- 
ness and courage, and was always with his brigade in the thickest 
of the fight. He had two horses shot under him, but escaped 
unharmed. ' Your affectionate son, 

John W. Foster. 

' A. H. Foster, Regimental Quartermaster. 



56 




COLONEL CHARLES CRUFT 

THIRTY-FIRST INFANTRY 



T 



Thirty-first Infantry 

HE Thirty-first Regiment was organized at Terra Haute, 
and mustered into service for three years on the 15th of 
September, 1861, with Charles Cruft as Colonel. Soon 
after it moved to Kentucky and went into camp at Calhoun, on 
Green Eiver, where it remained until a few days prior to the 
siege of Tort Donelson. Moving from Calhoun on the 11th of 
February, 1862, it reached the Battlefield of Fort Donelson in 
time to participate in the engagement of the 14th and 15th and 
was present at the surrender on the 16th of February. 

In this engagement it lost twelve of its members in killed, fifty- 
two wounded, and four missing. It then marched across the 
country to Fort Henry. On March 10, 1862, it joined General 
Grant's expedition up the Tennessee River to Pittsburg Landing, 
arriving there on the 15th, and was assigned to the Third Brigade 
of General S. A. Hurlbut's Division. On the 5th of April General 
Lauman was assigned and took command of the Third Brigade. 

On Sunday morning, the 6th of April, 1862, about 7.30 o'clock, 
the rapid volleys of musketry from camps to the front indicated 
tlie conmiencement of the battle. Soon after an order was 
received from the General commanding the brigade to form the 
regiment for action. In a few minutes it was in brigade line on 
the right and the brigade was moved in column to the front along 
the Hamburg road. The re.giment was formed in line of battle in 
the position indicated by Brigadier General Lauman, wldch posi- 
tion became known as the ''Hornets' Nest," and during the terrific 
enffacements the woods in front caught fire and many dead and 
wounded were burned. At this tune the battle was progressing 
actively upon the right and left of the main line. Soon the enemy 
attacked in great force and with much desperation. The attack 
was met with perfect coolness and with a low and steady fire. 
After the expenditure of some thirty rounds the enemy was 
repulsed. I'he advance of tlie rebels was within ten yards of the 

59 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Thirty-first Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- 
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 



Line (il^, Station tKi-GO and 70 feet east, in the woods west of Peach Orchard and 
on the south side of the old sunken road, 400 feet to the right of the Forty-fourth 
Indiana Eegiment Monument location and about 1,000 feet nearly west of the 
P>loody Pond. 



31 ST 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
COL. CHARLES CRUFT 

3D BRIGADE-GEN. LAUMAN 
4TH DIVISIOIM-GEN. HURLBUT 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 



INDIANA 



31ST INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. CHARLES CRUFT 

(wounded) 

LIEUT. COL. JOHN OSBORN 



This regiment took this position Sunday, April 6, 1862, at 
8: 30 a.m., and held it against repeated charges of the enemy un- 
TIL 2:30 P.M. During this time the woods in front caught fire, 

AND MANY DEAD AND WOUNDED WERE BURNED. ThE REGIMENT WAS THEN 
transferred TO THE LEFT AND WAS ENGAGED EAST OF THE HAMBURG 
ROAD UNTIL 4 P.M., WHEN IT SLOWLY RETIRED TO THE SUPPORT OF THE 

SIEGE GUNS. On Monday, April 7th, it was engaged during the day 

ON the right center OF THE ARMY. CASUALTIES — KILLED, 2 OFFICERS 
and 19 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 110 MEN; MISSING, 2 MEN; 
TOTAL, 138. 



Thirty-tirst Infantry 

Third Brigade line, and the slaughter among the enemy was ter- 
rible. A second attack was shortly made with increased fury. 
The line of the Third Brigade stood unbroken, however, and after 
exhausting nearly the last cartridge again repulsed the enemy. 
Here a slight cessation in the attack occurred barely long enough 
to procure fresh ammunition from the rear. The cartridge boxes 
of the men were scarcely filled when, for the third time, the 
enemy again attacked. The line stood firm and again succeeded 
against superior numbers. A fourth assault was soon made, which 
was gallantly repulsed, when the enemy withdrew, leaving the 
Thirty-first with the balance of the brigade in position. The 
enemy, retreating, moved off toward the left of the main line. 

During the action the Thirty-first fired an average of about one 
hundred rounds per man. The great number of the enemy's dead 
left lying along in front when he retreated attested the accuracy 
and steadiness of the fire. 

Early in the afternoon, about 2 o'clock, an order was received 
to move to the left. This was promptly executed. For some min- 
utes the brigade was halted near the Hamburg road, to protect 
Willard's Battery, which was then playing upon the enemy. The 
various regiments were then moved farther to the left and the 
Thirty-first to the extreme left and placed in position to await the 
expected attack. The action soon commenced. 

It became apparent that the enemy was preparing for a flank 
movement in great force. This shortly took place in compact 
lines, and regiment after regiment marched up from a large 
ravine to the left with Confederate flags flying in perfect order, 
as if on dress parade, and came nearer and nearer. The Thirty- 
first advanced promptly, but the advance could not be sustained in 
the absence of a reserve against the overwhelming force of the 
enemy. After a desperate struggle, in which some ten rounds 
were fired, the regiment on the left was forced back. 

An order was now given along the entire line to fall back and 
a general retreat was made about 4 o'clock p. m. to a ridge 
nearer the river. Here the regiment was again formed in brigade 
line and marched up to the support of a section of a battery of 



63 



Indiana at Shiloh 

large siege guns, and occupied this position during the desperate 
fight which closed the day. 

After the repulse of the enemy the Thirty-first was moved for- 
ward with the residue of the brigade about tliree-fourths of a mile 
and there bivouacked for the night. 

Colonel Cruft, having been wounded in the first day's engage- 
ment, Lieutenant Colonel John Osborn took command of the regi- 
ment and early next morning reported to General W. T. Sherman, 
where it soon became actively engaged in the general fight of the 
right center of the army, and in the fiercest part of the battle, and 
served with him until the close. The regiment lost many brave 
officers and men, among them INIajor Arn, who was mortallv 
wounded. 




CAPTAIN GEORGE HARVEY 

COMPANY I, THIRTY-FIRST INDIANA, KILLED 
ON SUNDAY. APRIL 6, 1862 



(34 




COLONEL HUGH B. REED 
FORTY-FOURTH INFANTRY 



Forty-fourth Infantry 

THE Forty-fourth Kegiment was raised in the old Tenth Con- 
gressional District and rendezvoused at Fort Wayne, where 
the organization of the regiment was completed on the 24th 
of October, 1801, with Hugh B. Eeed as Colonel. On the 22d of 
IsTovember the regiment was mustered into the United States 
service by Lieutenant H. E. Stansbury, U. S. A. On November 
23d it was ordered to Indianapolis, where it went into camp, and 
on the 26th left for Evansville, from thence to Henderson, 
Kentucky. Reporting to General Thomas L. Crittenden, it was 
assigned to Colonel Charles Cruft's Brigade and went into camp 
at Calhoun, on Green River, and made numerous marches on 
scouting expeditions in search of marauders. It broke camp Feb- 
ruary 9, 1862, and was transported by steamer to Paducah, Ken- 
tucky, and from there to Fort Henry, on the Tennessee River. 
February 11th it was assigned to General Lew Wallace's Division, 
which, with Commodore Foote's fleet of gunboats, was sent to 
Fort Donelson by way of the Tennessee and Cumberland Rivers 
and landed five miles below Fort Donelson, where it disembarked 
on the 14th and moved to the right of the Union lines in a fierce 
and raging snowstorm. It formed at once into line of battle and 
participated in the siege in all its fury. On the following day it 
was in the hottest of the battle, losing many men in killed and 
wounded. The regiment was the first to march into the town of 
Dover, and had the honor of receiving and stacking the guns 
of a number of Confederate regiments. From Fort Donelson it 
marched in advance across the country to Fort Henry, and on 
March 10th embarked on board the steamer Memphis, forming a 
part of General Grant's army, which embraced a fleet of eighty 
steamers and gunboats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing on the 15th, 
and was assigned to the Third Brigade of General S. A. Hurlbut's 
Division, Army of the Tennessee. Its camp was established one 
mile from the river landing, at a point where the Hamburg 

69 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Forty-fourth Regiment Infanti-y Volunteers, on Shiloh National 
Military Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front 
of Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on tlie back of Monument. 



FORTY-FOURTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 60, Station ()2-63 and 20 feet west, west of the old Peach Orchard field 
and 10 feet east of the old sunken road in which the regiment fought, 1,000 feet 
east of the Fifth Ohio Battery Monument and 400 feet to the left of the Thirty-first 
Indiana Regiment Monument location; also 500 feet west of the Park gravel road, 
.500 feet a little south of west from the cedar tree planted by a Southern lady after 
the battle, by the name of Mrs. Perry Cantrill, marking the spot where she thought 
the Confederate General, Albert Sidney Johnston, was killed; also 1,000 feet nearly 
due west of the Bloody Pond, nearly on a straight line passing by the cedar tree. 



44TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. HUGH B. REED 

3D BRIGADE-GEN. LAUMAN 

4TH DIVISION-GEN. HURLBUT 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 

INDIANA 



44TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. HUGH B. REED 

This regiment formed in this line Sunday, April 6, 1862, at 
8 -.30 A.M. It repulsed several charges made by the enemy, includ- 
ing four terrific charges by right of GIBSON'S Brigade, which, 
under orders of Gen. Bragg, was attempting to force this part of 
the line back. During these engagements the woods caught fire. 
At 2 : 30 p.m. regiment fell back to a line with 1st Brigade, then 

TO REAR and left OF THE BlOODY POND, WHERE IT CHARGED ON ENEMY'S 

infantry and artillery. here seven flag-bearers were shot down. 
At 4: 30 p.m. slowly fell back and supported siege guns. Mon- 
day, April 7th, regiment fought the enemy till 3 p.m. Number of 
men in action, 478. casualties— killed, 1 officer and 33 men; 
wounded, 6 officers and 171 men; missing, 1 man; total, 212. 



Forty-fourth Infantry 

and Savannah road crosses the road from Pittsburg Landing to 
Corinth, Mississippi. A picket line was established and the Forty- 
fourth was one of the first regiments on the picket line on the 
great Battlefield of Shiloh, which was three weeks before the 
battle took place. It became thus familiar and conversant with 
the locations and surroundings of the country in front of the 
Union forces prior to the battle. On the 5th of April, 1862, 
General Lauman Avas assigned and took command of the brigade 
(the Third). 

At 6.30 o'clock, Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the booming of 
cannon and roar of musketry began without any warning whatever 
in froat and on the extreme left, near the river, and spent cannon 
balls came rolling through the regimental camp grounds. The 
regiment was then hurriedly formed into line of battle, numbering 
four hundred seventy-eight men. In the midst of excitement and 
the beating of the long roll it was moved forward to the attack, 
and on its advance was met by a large body of fleeing and panic- 
stricken men. Guns, knapsacks and blankets were strewn every- 
where. An entire division was seen scattered and retreating, 
which looked as though the whole Union army had been sur- 
prised. The enemy at this time was already a mile within the 
Federal Army camps. The regiment and brigade formed into line 
of battle again at 8.30 o'clock a.m., west of a peach orchard, in an 
old sunken road in a dense woods (where its monument is now 
erected), facing west. In its front through the woods in an open 
field the Third Brigade was formed in the following order : The 
Seventeenth and Twenty-fifth Kentucky Regiments on the left, 
the Forty-fourth Indiana on the right center, with the Thirty- 
first Indiana on the right, joining the left of General Prentiss' 
Division, which had been driven back. The First Brigade of Gen- 
eral Hurlbut's Division took position on the left of General Lau- 
man's Brigade, facing south, supported by Mann's and Ross's 
Batteries, and became known as the "Hornets' Nest" (now a mat- 
ter of history). This location was occupied by General Prentiss, 
General W. H. L. Wallace and the right of General A. S. Hurl- 
but's Divisions. The position occupied by the Forty-fourth Regi- 



78 



Indiana at Shiloh 

ment was tlie geographical left center of the Union Army, called 
the key position. 

Here the enemy advanced in force and commenced the attack 
in front, right and left. Generals Gladden and Stephens, Con- 
federate Brigades, made two desperate charges, bnt both were 
repulsed and the enemy was driven back with heavy loss. The 
fighting, however, continued with desperation and mthout cessa- 
tion. At this point the Confederate General Bragg became deter- 
mined to force the Federal troops back, it being considered the 
key position, and rode with his staff to the front for the purpose of 
investigating the situation, and ordered Gibson's Brigade to the 
front with orders to charge the Federal lines and if possible drive 
them back. 

Four desperate charges were now made in succession across an 
open field, exposed to a heavy fire, clear into the woods, with its 
right in front of the Forty-fourth, where each charge was repulsed 
and driven back with great loss. The regiment held its position 
during all the desperate charges and continuous fighting, without 
cessation, for six hours. The firing w^as so fierce and the bullets 
so thick that the brush and saplings were cut off as though it had 
been done with a sickle, while the larger trees were torn by can- 
non shot and shell. From the excessive heat caused by constant 
infantry and cannon firing during the six hours of continuous fir- 
ing the dry leaves in the woods caught fire and were consumed in 
flames among the Confederate dead and wounded. On account of 
the excessive heat and smoke, and the danger of the left of the 
division being flanked, the regiment and brigade were ordered to 
fall back, which it did, and then formed its second line in a peach 
orchard in conjunction with the First Brigade, which was held 
for thirty minutes by fierce charges made upon it, in conse- 
quence of which it fell back to the rear of the historic Bloody 
Pond, where it formed its third line. Here the regiment was 
ordered to charge the advancing enemy, but, being overpowered, 
fell back to its third line, losing many men, among them seven 
flag-bearers. In front of this charge General Albert Sidney 
Johnstoa, Commander of the Confederate Army, lost his life, hav- 
ing being strucl< bv n minie balk 

74 



Forty-fourth Infantry 

About 3 o'clock p.m., General Rnggles, in command of the 
Confederate Artillery, massed on a commanding position ten bat- 
teries of artillery and a section of two small siege guns, in all 
sixty-two cannons, in front of the "Hornets' Nest," and in front 
of the Forty-fourth's third position. This vast and deadly array 
of artillery opened fire on the "Hornets' Nest" and on the Union 
lines in its front with shot, grape and canister, compelling them, 
with its artillery, to recede. The rebels here tried to cause a 
stampede by flank movements. 

At 4.30 o'clock P.M., the regiment fell slowly back toward the 
landing, where it formed its last line behind the Federal siege 
guns supporting them, where one hour of heavy cannonading, the 
gunboats in the river, Tyler and Lexington, assisting, was contin- 
ued until darkness shaded the bloody field, which stopped the 
further advance of the enemy and the battle of the day closed. 
The Forty-fourth was then, without any rations in their haver- 
sacks, ordered on the picket line, where it performed its duty 
during the night in a drenching rain. 

On Monday morning, April 7th, the regiment was ordered to 
the front, and at 8 o'clock a.m. was in the "Perry Field" and 
reported to General Sherman. It fought in the right center of 
the army in the fiercest part of the battle until the engagement 
was at an end — 3 o'clock p.m. Its loss during the two days' 
engagement was appalling, being over forty-four per cent., as is 
shown by the historical inscription on its monument. During the 
two days' battle one hundred sixty rounds of cartridges to a man 
were fired. The regiment was highly praised in the official reports 
of its brigade and division commanders for its bravery and patri- 
otic valor displayed during the two days' battle. 



ib 



Sixth Battery 

THE Sixth Battery of Light Artillery (Morton Battery) 
was recruited at Evansville and mustered into service 
at Indianapolis September 7, 1861, with Frederick Behr 
as Captain. 

On October 2d the battery left Indianapolis by rail and pro- 
ceeded by way of Evansville to Henderson, Kentucky, thence to 
Calhoun, South Carrollton and Owensboro, Kentucky. In the 
spring of 1862, it joined General Sherman's comnumd at Paducah, 
and on the 4th of March moved witli General Sherman's Division 
to the Tennessee River on steamers and disembarked at Pittsburg 
Landing. MoA^ing to the bridge over Owl Creek on the Purdy 
road, it guarded the bridge and was in that position on the extreme 
right, when, on the morning of the 6th of ApriJ, tlie rapid advance 
of the enemy opened the Battle of Shiloh. 

For over two hours the battery held its position, supported by 
McDowell's Brigade, but was eventually forced back by the strong 
columns of the enemy. While the battery was retiring it was met 
by General Sherman at the intersection of the Corinth road, 
who gave orders to Captain Behr to bring his guns into battery. 
Directly after this order was given Captain Behr was struck by a 
musket ball and fell dead from his horse. The loss of this brave 
oflEicer caused confusion and the enemy, pressing vigorously for- 
ward, captured most of the guns of the battery, sixty-eight of tlie 
horses having been killed. 

After the death of Captain Behr, Lieutenant Mueller assumed 
command. !Rew guns were procured and the battery moved with 
the army upon Corinth. 



77 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Sixth Indiana Battery Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, 
at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; 
and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument, 



SIXTH INDIANA BATTERY LOCATION 

Line 110, Station 82-55 and 50 feet west. On south side of Purdy Road and 150 
feet west of the Monument to Schwartz's Battery. 



6th 

BATTERY 

MORTON'S 

COMMANDED BY 
CAPT. FREDERICK BEHR 

1ST BRIGADE-COL. J. A. MCDOWELL 
5TH DIVISION -GEN. SHERMAN 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 

INDIANA 



6TH BATTERY, MORTON'S 



COMMANDED BY 

CAPT. FREDERICK BEHR 



This battery was ordered into action, at this place, by Gen. 
W. T. Sherman, at 10:30 a.m., April 6, 1862. Capt. Behr was 
shot from his horse and fell dead. Casualties — killed, 1 officer; 
wounded, 5 men; total, 6. 



Ninth Battery 

THE Niutli l^attery of Light Artillery completed its organiza- 
tion at Indianapolis and was mustered into the sei*vice on 
the 20th of December, 1861, with ISToah S. Thompson as 
Captain. On the 2Yth of January, 1862, the battery left by rail 
for Cairo, Illinois, where it remained until March 27th, drilling 
and preparing for active service. It then embarked on a steamer 
and proceeded to Crump's Landing, where it disembarked on the 
31st of March, to join General Lew Wallace's Division. 

The battery left Stony Lonesome at 12 o'clock, noon, April 
6th, attached to Lew Wallace's Division, and reached the battle- 
field at 7.30 o'clock that evening and at 11 o'clock that night 
moved into position in front of a rebel battery on the enemy's 
extreme left, and at 5.30 o'clock on the morning of the 7th 
opened fire with the first shot of the day. After a desperate 
and gallant firing of the Xinth Battery for a considerable length of 
time the enemy's front was broken and he fell back. The battery 
advanced fully a mile, supported by infantry, and took up a new 
position, keeping up a continuous fire of shot and shell into the 
rebel ranks until the ammunition was exhausted, having fired 
over 1,100 rounds that day. It was then 4 o'clock, and soon after 
the continuous cheering was ample notice that the desperate 
day's work was done and that the battle had been won. During 
the entire engagement the ISTinth Battery was in command of 
First Lieutenant George R. Brown, who was a very efficient and 
capable officer. 

The Ninth Battery, in command of Captain George R. Brown, homeward Ijoiind at 
the close of the war, when its time for enlistment had already expired ninety days, took 
passage on a steamer for Cairo, and when near .Johnsonville. on the Tennessee River, 
the boilers of the boat blew up, killing tliirty-eight men of the battery and scalding and 
wounding fifty-eight more. The entire battery of guns was blown into the river, where 
it still lies. An eifort is now being made to have the Government raise these guns. 



(6) 



81 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Ninth Indiana Battery Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Parle, 
at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; 
and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



NINTH INDIANA BATTERY LOCATION 

Line 68, Station 142 and 100 feet east. In Perry Held, 50 feet ncjrth of center of 
Glover Road and 300 feet west of Savannah Koart. 



9TH 

BATTERY 

THOMPSON'S 

(.NOT BRIGADED) 

3D DIVISION MAJ. GEN. LEWIS WALLACE 
ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 

INDIANA 



9TH BATTERY, THOMPSON'S 

COMMANDED BY 

1ST LIEUT. GEORGE R. BROWN 



April 6, 1862, this battery left Stony Lonesome at 12 m., by 

SHUNPIKE ROAD; COUNTERMARCHING AT A POINT NEAR CLEAR CREEK, IT 
REACHED THE BATTLEFIELD, VIA SAVANNAH ROAD, AT 7 : 30 P.M. FROM 

THIS POSITION, April 7th, 5:30 a.m., it opened battle v^/ith first 

SHOT OF the day. IN JONES' FIELD, NEAR OGLESBY HEADQUARTERS, 
after 1,100 ROUNDS FIRED BY THE BATTERY, AMMUNITION BEING EX- 
HAUSTED, IT RETIRED, BY GENERAL LEVi/IS WALLACE'S ORDERS. CASUAL- 
TIES—KILLED, 1 MAN; WOUNDED, 5 MEN; TOTAL, 6. 



ARMY OF THE OHIO 

Major General DON CARLOS BUELL 

COMMANDING 



Sixth Infantry 

THE Sixth Indiana Eegiment was organized and mustered 
into the United States service at Indianapolis April 25, 
1861, nnder the first call of President Lincoln, with Thomas 
T. Crittenden as Colonel. 

On the 30th of May the regiment left Indianapolis, via Cincin- 
nati and Parkersburg, for the scene of conflict in Western Vir- 
ginia. The regiment arrived at Webster on the 2d of June and 
marched with other troops, the same night, through a drenching 
rain a distance of fourteen miles, and on the morning of the 3d 
took part in the first battle of the war at Phillippi. 

After the battle of Phillippi the regiment was ordered to Graf- 
ton, West Virginia, to become a part of General Thomas A. 
Morris's Brigade. After joining this brigade the regiment par- 
ticipated in the march to Laurel Hill, and also in the battle of 
Carrick's Pord, on July 12, 1861. 

The Sixth Eegiment, having served the full term of its enlist- 
ment, returned to Indianapolis and was mustered out of service 
August 2, 1861. It hnmediately reorganized at Madison for a 
term of three years and was mustered into the service the second 
time September 20, 1861. On the same day the regiment, under 
command of Colonel Thomas T. Crittenden, was sent to Kentucky 
to take part in the campaign against the Confederate General 
Buckner, who was then invading Kentucky. 

The regiment, which had been hurried to Louisville, Kentucky, 
where it arrived the same night, was not yet uniformed nor had it 
had but little if any experience in drilling. In October, 1861, the 
regiment was assigned to General Ifousseau's Brigade of General 
McCook's Division. It remained in Kentucky until 1862, when it 
was sent to Tennessee. On March 29th it left Nashville, march- 
ing to Savannah, Tennessee, a distance of one hundred and forty 
miles, arriving at that point early in the morning of April 7th, 

87 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Sixth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Mon- 
ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



SIXTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 72, Station 83-2-i and 7 feet east, on north side of Corinth Road, about 25 
feet from the center of the road, and east edge of Duncan field, 205 feet southeast of 
the Fifty-eighth Illinois Monument. 



6TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

COL. THOMAS T. CRITTENDEN 

4TH BRIGADE~GEN. ROUSSEAU 
2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



6TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. THOMAS T. CRITTENDEN 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 6 a.m., April 7, 
1862. At 8. A.M. advanced under the fire of a battery of artil- 
lery. Occupied this position from 10 a.m. to 1 1 :30 a.m. Enemy 
gave way; regiment followed until late in the day. casualties- 
KILLED, 4; WOUNDED, 36; missing, 2; total, 42. 



4^ i-fk 







Sixth Infantry 

and on the Battlefield of Shiloh before 7 o'clock a.m. At 8 o'clock 
it advanced under the fire of a battery of artillery and took an 
active part in the engagement of that day, fighting stubbornly and 
gallantly until the end of the battle. 



91 




LIEUTENANT COLONEL WILLIAM H. BLAKE 

NINTH INFANTRY 



Ninth Infantry 

THE Ninth Indiana Regiment was early to respond to the call 
of arms. It was organized and mustered into the service 
for three months at Indianapolis on the 25th of April, 
1861, with Eobert H. Milroj as Colonel. It w-as the first Indiana 
regiment to leave the State for Western Virginia, departing from 
Indianapolis on the 29th of May and arriving at Grafton on the 
first of June. Yrom Grafton it marched to Phillippi with the 
troops commanded by Colonel Kelly, and took part in the battle 
of Phillippi on the morning of June 3d. After the capture of the 
Confederate camp at Phillippi, the regiment returned to Grafton 
and was there assigned to the brigade of General Thomas A. 
Morris and took part in all of tlie marches and campaigns of this 
brigade, aad in the engagements at Laurel Hill, Virginia, July 10, 

1861, and Carrick's Ford, Virginia, July 14, 18G1. 

The regiment returned to Indianapolis during the latter part of 
July and was mustered out of service by reason of expiration of 
term of enlistment. 

On August 27, 1861, it reorganized for the three years' service 
at Laporte and was mustered into service September 5th, with 
Robert H. Milroy again in command as Colonel. Soon after it 
went to Western Virginia, where it remained until February, 

1862, participating in the battles of Green Brier and Allegheny 
under General Joseph J. Reynolds. Colonel Milroy having been 
promoted to Brigadier General, the regiment was commanded by 
Gideon C. Moody, who was mustered as Colonel ISTovember 15, 
1861. 

At Fetterman, Virginia, on February 19, 1862, it was ordered 
transferred to General Euell's army and sent to Nashville, Ten- 
nessee, via Cincinnati. Upon arrival in that city it was assigned 
to General Nelson's Division, and on March 29th began the march 
to the Tennessee River, arriving on the battlefield during the 
night of April 6th. Early next morning it formed into line of 

93 



This page first gives the location of the Moniiment erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Ninth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- 
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Moniiment. 



NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 50, Station 72-85 and 55 feet west. In southern end of Wicker field, 275 
feet southeast of the Forty-first Ohio Monument. 



9TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

COL. GIDEON C. MOODY 

19TH BRIGADE-COL. HAZEN 
4TH DIVISION-GEN. NELSON 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



9TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. GIDEON C. MOODY 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 9 p.m., April 6, 

1862, MOVED UPON THE ENEMY AT DAYLIGHT OF THE 7TH, WAS HOTLY 
ENGAGED AT THIS PLACE 10 A.M. REPULSED A HEAVY ATTACK FROM THE 
FRONT (south), AND CHARGED WITH BRIGADE TO THE RIGHT (wEST), AND 
DROVE BACK THE ENEMY. AT 12:30 P.M. WAS SENT BY GEN. NELSON 
ACROSS THE ROAD TO THE LEFT TO THE AID OF COL. AMMEN. CASUAL- 
TIES — KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 16 MEN; WOUNDED, 7 OFFICERS AND 146 
MEN; TOTAL, 170. 



Ninth Infantry 

battle ; skirmishers were thrown to the front and the regiment 
advanced about half a mile under a heavy fire. The skirmishers 
of the regiment drove the enemy from one of their batteries, but 
were unable to retain possession of it. The ISTinth at once moved 
rapidly forward, firing upon the enemy as it advanced, who stub- 
bornly held their position and fought desperately for about two 
hours. The rebels finally ceased firing and Colonel Moody retired 
his men, they having exhausted their ammunition. After replen- 
ishing their cartridge boxes the regiment was again fired upon by 
the enemy, who attempted a flank movement, but was driven back 
with heavy loss. After resting a short time the enemy again 
appeared in force, preparing to charge one of the Union batteries. 
Colonel Moody was ordered to meet the enemy and drive him 
back, which duty he performed in a gallant manner by pursuing 
him closely and delivering a destructive fire, resulting in a terrible 
loss to the rebels. 

In the middle of the day the regiment was sent by General N^el- 
son across the road to the aid of Colonel Ammen, where valuable 
services were rendered. The regiment fought desperately wdth 
courage and determination, to the end of the battle, and was pub- 
licly complimented by General ISTelson for gallantry, and espe- 
cially mentioned in his report of the battle, and later he presented 
it with a splendid flag to show his estimation of the braA^e and 
gallant services rendered bv this reo-iment in that battle. 



(7) 




COLONEL GEORGE D. WAGNER 
FIFTEENTH INFANTRY 



Fifteenth Infantry 

THE Fifteenth Eegiment was organized as one of the first six 
regiments of State troops at Lafayette, in May, 1861, but 
was too late for the three months' call of the President^ and 
thereupon reorganized and was mustered into the United States 
service for three years on the 14th of June, 1861, with George D. 
Wagner as Colonel. It soon after arrived in Indianapolis'' and 
went into camp, leaving for Western Virginia on July 1st, by 
way of Cincinnati, Ohio, where it remained until July 4th; 
thence by rail to Clarksburg, from which city it marched to Eich 
Mountain, arriving there on the 11th, while the battle was in pro- 
gress, and next day joined in the pursuit of the enemy, capturing 
many prisoners. The regiment was afterward stationed at Elk- 
water Valley, where it remained until I^ovember 19th, taking an 
active part in the operations of General Reynolds, amoag which 
was the repulse of General Lee and the battle of Green Brier. 

It was conveyed by rail to Parkersbiirg, Virginia, thence by 
Ohio Eiver to Louisville, Kentucky, where it arrived on the 30th 
of November and was assigned to General ]STelson's Division, 
Army of the Ohio. It took an active part in the campaign of Gen- 
eral Buell, and arrived upon the Battlefield of Shiloh on Monday, 
April 7, 1862, in time to participate in the winding up of that 
great battle. It formed in line of battle at 2 o'clock p.m. and was 
under fire of both infantry and artillery and assisted in driving the 
enemy from the field. 



99 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, in 
memory of her Fifteenth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Landing. Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- 
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



FIFTEENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 86, Station 66-65 and 30 feet west, on the south side of the Purdy Road 
and across the road from the Walker House, 375 feet from the Fortieth Indiana 
Resinient location. 



15TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

LIEUT. COL. GUSTAVUS A. WOOD 

21ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER 

6TH DIVISION — GEN. WOOD 



ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



15TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
LIEUT. COL. GUSTAVUS A. WOOD 



This regiment arrived on battlefield from Savannah, about 12 
M., April 6, 1862; was ordered to front by Maj. Gen. Grant. It 

FORMED ON THIS POSITION IN LINE OF BATTLE AT 2 P.M., AND ASSISTED IN 
DRIVING THE ENEMY FROM THE FIELD. THE REGIMENT VJ/^S UNDER FIRE OF 
BOTH INFANTRY AND ARTILLERY, BUT SUSTAINED NO LOSS. 




COLONEL JOHN T. WILDER 

SEVENTEENTH INFANTRY 



Seventeenth Infantry 

THE Seventeenth Regiment was organized at Camp Mor- 
ton, Indianapolis, during May, 1S61, and was mustered 
into the United States service on the 12th of June, 1861, 
for three years. 

On the 1st of July it left Indianapolis, via Cincinnati, for Park- 
ersburg, Virginia. It remained in this vicinity until the 23d, and 
by rail moved to Oakland, Maryland, on the north branch of the 
Potomac. It was engaged until the 7th of August in constructing 
the fortifications known as "Camp Pendleton," thence marched to 
Cam]) AYickliffe, near ]^ew Haven, where it remained until Feb- 
ruary 10, 1S62. After moving toward Green River it arrived at 
E'ashville on the 12tli of March, and there remained until the 
march to the Tennessee River was begun. Colonel Hascall, being 
appointed Brigadier General on the 25th of March, was succeeded 
by Lieutenant Colonel John T. Wilder. Leaving l^ashville on the 
29th of March, the regiment reached the field of Shiloh at 12 
o'clock on the night of April 7, 1862. 



This page first gives the location of the Monumeut erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Seventeenth Regiment Infantry Volunteers on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- 
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



SEVENTEENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 26, Station 129-85 and 85 feet east. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquarters 
Monument and Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the Army of 
the Tennessee on Sunday night, April 6, 1862. 



17TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 
COL. JOHN T. WILDER 

15TH BRIGADE-GEN. HASCALL 
6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



17TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
COL. JOHN T. WILDER 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 1 2 cclock on the 
NIGHT OF April 7, 1862, too late to participate in the battle, was 

IN LINE OF BATTLE ON THE MORNING OF THE 8TH. 




COLONEL JOHN F. MILLER 

TWENTY-NINTH INFANTRY 



Twenty-ninth Infantry 

THE Twenty-ninth Regiment was organized at Laporte and 
mustered into service for three years at Camp Jackson, on 
the 27th of August, 1861. Arriving at Indianapolis in the 
early part of October, it went by way of Madison to Louisville, 
Kentucky, thence to Camp l^evin, where it was assigned to the 
Fifth Brigade, commanded by General T. J. Wood. It joined 
General Rousseau's command and moved with the army to the 
vicinity of Munfordsville, remaining there until the movement 
upon Bowling Green took place, in February, 1862. Reaching 
ISTashville in March, it moved with Cook's Division to the Tennes- 
see River, arriving at Savannah, Tennessee, about midnight, April 
6th, very much fatigued. At 2 o'clock on the morning of April 
7th the regiment was taken on board a steamer for Pittsburg 
Landing, arriving on the battlefield at 6.30 o'clock a.m. Forming 
into line of battle, it moved forward to the front and center of the 
army and was held in reserve to support General Rousseau, whose 
brigade was seriously engaged with the enemy. The Twenty- 
ninth, about noon, became desperately engaged and was heavily 
assailed by the enemy for more than two hours. Between 2 and 
3 o'clock the Fifth Brigade, to which the Twenty-ninth belonged, 
relieved General Rousseau's Brigade. The regiment obtained a 
position facing an open field, which was known as "Woolf Field," 
at the right of Water Oaks Pond, and while advancing received a 
terrific fire of shot and shell. 

The enemy now massed his forces for a last desperate struggle, 
placing his artillery on a commanding ridge to the right, left and 
center. The Twenty-ninth took a position on the extreme right to 
guard against a charge of the enemy, while the new lines were 
reformed for action. It withstood the desperate charges made by 
the enemy and fought with valor and desperation until the enemy 
left the field of battle. 

Ill 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Twenty-ninth Regiment Infantry Vohmteers, on Shiloh National Mil- 
itary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



TWENTY-NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 106, Station 92-,50 and 90 feet west. In the woods west of the pond and 
'water oaks," 650 feet northwest of the Twenty-fourth Illinois Monument. 



29TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

LIEUT. COL. DAVID M. DUNN 

5TH BRIGADE — COL. E. N. KIRK 

2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 

INDIANA 



29TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
LIEUT. COL. DAVID M. DUNN 



This regiment arrived on battlefield at 6:30 a.m., April 7, 
1862. It went to the front and center of the army, where it 
was held in reserve. It formed on this line about 12m., and was 

HEAVILY assailed BY THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS, WHEN THE ENEMY RE- 
TIRED. Casualties — KILLED, 4 men; wounded, 4 officers and 72 

MEN; TOTAL, 80. 




(8) 




COLONEL SION S. BASS 

THIRTIETH INFANTRY 



Thirtieth Infantry 

THE Thirtieth Regi)iient was organized and mustered into 
service at Fort Wayne oa the 24th day of September, 1861, 
with S. S. Bass as Colonel. It went into camp at Indianap- 
olis and a few days afterward embarked for Louisville, Kentucky, 
thence to Camp ISTevin, Kentucky. On the 13th of October it was 
assigned to the Fifth Brigade and placed in command of General 
T. J. Wood, of the Central Division, commanded by Alexander 
McDowell McCook. On the 11th of December the regiment 
moved forward to Bacon Creek and went into camp, and soon 
after moved with Buell's army to Munfordsville and Bowling 
Green. 

On the 14th of February, 1862^ it started north to reinforce 
General (irant, who had attacked the rebel forces at Fort Donel- 
son. The regiment, however, on account of the terrible condition 
of the weather and the mipassable roads, after a march of four- 
teen miles returned to camp, and on the morning of February 
16th was on the road to Bowling Green and l^ashville, Tennessee. 
On March 3d it marched through ISTashville, going into camp four 
miles south of the city. At this camp while Company C of the 
regiment was doing picket duty a company of rebels in disguise as 
Federal soldiers made a charge upon it and captured four of its 
men. It left this camp on March l7th, and after constructing a 
bridge across a certain creek marched to Columbia, where it went 
into quarters. On the last day of March it resumed its march and 
that night l)ivouacked on the plantation of the rebel General Pil- 
low, on Mt. Pleasant turnpike. 

On the morning of April 6th, when numy miles from Savannah, 
the roar of cannon from the Battlefield of Shiloh could plainly be 
heard. At 11 o'clock that night the regiment arrived at the river 
and soon boarded a steamer for Pittsburg Landing, where it 
arrived at 6 o'clock on the morning of April Ttli. It was ordered 
with its lu'igade to the firing line and went to the front and right 

117 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Thirtieth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Lauding, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Mon- 
ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



THIRTIETH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 104, Station 00-17 and 63 feet west, in the field west of the pond and 
"water oaks," 300 feet northwest of the Thirty-fourth Illinois Monument, and about 
100 feet from the gravel road. 



30TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. SION S. BASS 

5TH BRIGADE-COL. E. N. KIRK 
2D DIVISION — GEN. McCOOK 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 

INDIANA 



30TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. SION S. BASS 

(mortally wounded) 

LIEUT. COL. JOSEPH B. DODGE 
MAJ. ORIN HURD 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield Monday, April 7, 

1862, AT 6 A.M.; went TO THE FRONT AND RIGHT CENTER OF ARMY. AT 
10 A.M. WAS IN LINE IN RESERVE ON THE RIGHT OF GEN. ROUSSEAU'S 
BRIGADE; ADVANCED AND FORMED ON THIS LINE ABOUT 1 2 M. IT WAS 
FURIOUSLY ASSAULTED BY THE ENEMY FOR TWO HOURS, WHEN THE ENEMY 
GAVE WAY IN RETREAT. HERE COL. BASS FELL, MORTALLY WOUNDED. 
CASUALTIES — KILLED, 12 MEN; WOUNDED, 6 OFFICERS AND 109 MEN; 
MISSING, 2 MEN; TOTAL, 129. 



Thirtieth Infantry 

center of the army, and at 10 o'clock a.m. was in line of the 
reserve on the right of General I\onssean's Brigade. The ground 
ocenpied bv this General was the vital position, and it belonged to 
him to hold the road to the landing. 'J'he position was many 
times furiously assaulted and each flank movement of the enemy 
defeated with heavy loss to him. After General Rousseau's Bri- 
gade had been under a furious fire for some length of time it was 
relieved by the Fifth Brigade, commanded by Colonel E. N. 
Kirk. It now advanced and gained a position known as "Woolf 
Field," at the right of Water Oaks Pond, and moved across an 
open field in its front. At this point the regiment became again 
seriously engaged with the enemy. The rebel artillery, located on 
a commanding ridge to the right, left and center, poured forth a 
terrific fire of shot and shell, inflicting fearful slaughter. The 
Twenty-ninth Indiana now took a position on the extreme right to 
guard against another charge of the enemy while the new lines 
were being formed. At this point Colonel Sion S. Bass fell, mor- 
tally wounded, pierced by a musket ball, and was carried oflt the 
field. Colonel Bass died within a few days from the effect of 
this wound. 

Lieutenant Colonel Joseph B. Dodge now assumed command 
of the regiment. A forward movement was made and the Thirti- 
eth, some distance in advance of its line, planted its colors and the 
whole line rushed onward A\dth determination to advance. The 
enemy tried to crush the center of the Federal lines and thus 
gain the essential step to victory, but was driven back with great 
slaughter and pursued some distance by the regiment. 

The enemy noAv made his last desperate effort of the day, but of 
no avail. The grand shout of victory was resounding throughout 
the battlefield. The battle was won. ' 



121 



Thirty-second Infantry 

THE Thirty-second Regiment (First German) was organized 
at Indianapolis, tlirongh the exertions of A^^gust Willich 
(an officer in the German Revolution of 1848), who was 
mustered in with the regiment as its Colonel on the 24th of 
iVugust, 1861. In the latter part of September it proceeded to 
Madison and from there to Louisville, Kentucky, and in October 
marched to l^ew Haven, Kentucky, remaining at Camp Nevin 
until December 9th. It became a part of General R. W. John- 
son's Brigade of McCook's Division. The regiment moved to 
Munfordsville and there encamped. 

The duty of picketing the south side of Green River to protect 
the working parties engaged in repairing the railroad bridge was 
assigned to this regiment. On December 17th four companies 
were furiously attacked near Rowlett's Station by a large force of 
rebels ; another company of the regiment to the left was attacked 
at the same time but more feebly. In the meantime two other 
companies hastened up and the remainder of the regiment crossed 
to the south side of the river on a bridge constructed the day 
before by the pontoniers of the Thirty-second. Lieutenant Col- 
onel Von Treba, assuming the command, advanced this portion of 
the regiment on the run to the scene of conflict, and soon joined 
the other companies. The regiment was formed into line of 
battle, advanced steadily and drove the enemy back. The cavalry 
then charged first the skirmish line and next the protecting com- 
panies, and again on the right wing. At this juncture the regi- 
ment formed a hollow square upon which the Texan Rangers 
threw themselves to be driven back, severely punished, losing their 
leader. An infantry charge was then made against the invincible 
square, which was also repulsed. After this the enemy retired, 
leaving the Thirty-second in possession of the field. For its gal- 
lantry on this occasion the regiment was highly complimented in 
special orders by General Buell and Governor Morton, and the 

123 



This pag'e first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of lier Thirty-second Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili- 
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



THIRTY-SECOND INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 104, Station 83-60 and 107 feet east. On the north side of the Corinth 
Road at the Wolf field, and just across the road from the Forty-sixth Illinois Monu- 
ment. 



32D 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. AUGUST WILLICH 

6TH BRIGADE-COL. W. H. GIBSON 

2D DIVISION-GEN. McCOOK 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 

INDrANA 



32D INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 
COL. AUGUST WILLICH 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 10 a.m., April 7, 

1862; WAS ORDERED TO THE FRONT BY MAJ. GEN. GRANT. IT FORMED 
ON THIS LINE ABOUT 12 M., WHEN THE REGIMENT REPULSED AN ASSAULT 
BY THE ENEMY. DURING THE DAY THIS REGIMENT MADE SEVERAL CHARGES 
UPON THE ENEMY, DRIVING HIM BACK. CASUALTIES— KILLED, 2 OFFICERS 
AND 8 MEN; WOUNDED, 4 OFFICERS AND 82 MEN; TOTAL, 96. 



A 




Thirty-second Infantry 

name "Eowlett's Station'' directed to be placed on the regimental 
colors. 

In February, 1862, the regiment mo^ed to Bowling Green, 
thence to ISTashville, where it rested for a brief period. It arrived 
at Pittsburg Landing at 10 o'clock a.m., April 7th, and received 
orders from General Grant to start immediately for the field of 
action. 

Having arrived at the line of battle, General McCook ordered 
the regiment to form the reserve of the center of his division. 
The regiment took its position about two hundred yards in the 
rear of the second line of battle. It formed into double column 
to the center and marched about two hundred yards with the 
intention of making a bayonet charge, when the rebels fell back 
without stopping to receive the charge ; after which the regi- 
ment was deployed into line of battle. The whole division then 
advanced and the Thirty-second formed into the double column 
to the center again, two companies were deployed as skirmishers 
in advance until General Beauregard brought up his reserve. 
The Thirty-second fell back to a ravine, where it was formed 
again in double column and immediately marched up to charge 
the enemy again, supported by only one regiment on its left wing. 
After it had thus advanced for a considerable distance it made a 
bayonet charge and succeeded, after short and heavy firing, in 
cheeking the enemy's advance until reinforcements came up, sup- 
ported by batteries, and fell on both flanks of the enemy. The 
Thirty-second made its last advance with four companies deployed 
as skirmishers. Then the regiment advanced on the line of the 
enemy's retreat for over a mile and bivouacked in an open field, 
joining its brigade the next morning. 



127 



Thirty-sixth Infantry 

THE Tliirty-sixth Regiment was organized at IJiehmond and 
mustered into the service on the 16th of September, 1861. 
It was made up of men from Delaware, Wayne, Henry, 
Randolph, Fayette and Union counties. The regiment left Rich- 
mond for Indianapolis on the 11th of October, and on the 23d 
departed for Louisville, Kentucky, with William Grose as Colonel. 
From Lonisville it went to ISTew Haven and Camp Wickliffe and 
reported to General William IS^elson, who assigned it to the Tenth 
Brigade, Fourth Division, Army of the Ohio. On February 10, 
1862, the regiment began its march to JSTashville, Tennessee, 
where it arrived on the 25th. The Thirty-sixth Indiana and the 
Sixth Ohio were the first Federal troops to enter that city. 

In the month of March it began its march toward the Tennessee 
River and arrived on the battlefield at 5.30 o'clock p.m., April 0, 
1862, and was ordered by General Grant to at once advance and 
support Captain Stone's Battery, aad the firing began and con- 
tinued until near dusk. During the fore part of the night the 
brigade was advanced a considerable distance and the regiment to 
its position on the left of the brigade and extreme left of the line 
of battle. Early in the morning of the 7th of April the Thirty- 
sixth moved foward with the brigade in line of battle. With two 
companies thrown forward to the left as skirmishers it steadily 
advanced, driving the enemy for a distance of nearly two miles, 
when the engagement became general — advancing slowly, driving 
the rebel cavalry, infantry and artillery before them and over 
the same ground fought over the previous day. The regiment 
advanced and was in the thickest of the engagement from 11 
to 1 o'clock. They replenished their cartridge boxes and contin- 
ued to fight and advance until the enemy was driven from the 
fiehh 



(0) 1 2<> 



This pa^e first .Mves the location of the Monument erected by the f ^ate of Im«ana in 
ment; and tLra. I^ives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



THIRTY-SIXTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

T- ,n Qf.,ti„n (is-80 and 37 feet east. On the east side of the Hamburs; and 
Fifth Ohio Cavalry. 



36TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 
COL. WILLIAM GROSE 

10TH BRIGADE-COL. JACOB AMMEN 
ATH DIVISION-GEN. NELSON 



ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



OSTH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. WILLIAM GROSE 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield at 5 : 30 p.m., April 

6 1 862; WAS ORDERED BY MAJ. GEN. GRANT 1 50 YARDS TO THE LEFT 
TO SUPPORT CAPT. STONE'S BATTERY, WHERE IT WAS ENGAGED UNTIL 
DARK AT 5:30 A.M., APRIL 7TH, IT MOVED FORWARD IN LINE OF BAT- 
TLE ARRIVING AT THIS POSITION ABOUT 1 A. M. REGIMENT CHARGED THE 
ENEMY AND ASSISTED IN DRIVING HIM FROM THE FIELD. CASUALTIES- 
KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 8 MEN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 35 MEN; 
TOTAL, 45. 



J 



Thirty-ninth Infantry 

THE Thirty-ninth IJeginient was innstered into the service of 
the United States at Camp Morton on the 29th of Angiist, 
1861, with Thomas J. Harrison as Colonel. 
On the 21st of September the regiment left for Louisville, 
Kentucky. After encamping first on Muldraugh's Hill, near 
Elizabethtown, and next at Camp Nevin, on Nolih Creek, and 
Camp Wood, on Green River, where it remained until the middle 
of February, 1862, it marched with General Buell's army to 
T^ashville, where it remained in camp until March iTth. From 
Nashville it marched with General Buell's army to Savannah to 
reinforce (ieneral Grant. The regiment at this time was attached 
to E. ^Y. Johnson's Brigade of General McCook's Division. The 
Tlnrty-niuth reached Savannah at 10 o'clock on the night of tlie 
6th of April and in the morning of the 7th of April disembarked 
at Pittsburg Landing. At 10.30 o'clock a.m., guided by the din of 
battle, it moved upon the field of action and within an hour into 
line of battle under a galling fire, driving the enemy before them 
until the danger of being outflanked became so manifest that the 
order was given to fall back a short distance, keeping up, however, 
a constant fire. The regiment again advanced under a heavy fire, 
driving the enemy before them and capturing many prisoners. 
The rout of the enemy became universal and the battle was won. 



133 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Thirty-ninth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Suiloh National Mili- 
tary Park, at Pittslmrg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



THIRTY-NINTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 100, Station 7«-30 and (J3 feet west, 400 feet northwest of the Forty-ninth 
Ohio >fonument and in the forks of the Hamburg and Purdy, and the Pittsbur- 
and Corinth Roads. 



39TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

COL. THOMAS J. HARRISON 

6TH BRIGADE-COL. W. H. 6:BS0'1 

2D d;v:s:on-gen. mccoox 



ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



39TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
COL. THOMAS J. HARRISON 



This REGIMENT ARRIVED ON THE BATTLEFIELD AT 10:30 A.M., MON- 
DAY, April 7, 1862. At 12 M. regiment moved in line of battle un- 
der A galling fire, driving the enemy a quarter of a mile. It then 

FELL BACK 1 50 YARDS TO THIS POSITION, WHERE IT WAS ENGAGED UNTIL 

2 P.M. Regiment again advanced under fire, driving the enemy 

FROM HIS LAST POSITION, CAPTURING 1 5 PRISONERS. CASUALTIES- 
KILLED, 1 OFFICER AND 1 MAN; WOUNDED, 1 OFFICER AND 33 MEN; 
TOTAL, 36. 




COLONEL JOHN W. BLAKE 

FORTIETH INFANTRY 



Fortieth Infantry 

THE Fortieth Eegiinent was organized at Lafayette, with 
William C. Wilson as Colonel, sworn into service on the 
30tli of December, ISGl, and at once proceeded to Ken- 
tucky, going into camp of instruction near Bardstown. In Feb- 
ruary, 1862, it moved with General Buell's army to Bowling 
Green and ISTashville, and from thence marched into Northern 
Alabama. 

The Fortieth arrived on the Battlefield of Shiloh about noon 
on April 7, 1862, in command of Colonel John W. Blake, and was 
ordered with its brigade to the front by (;ener;il Grant. It formed 
in line of battle at 2 p.m. and assisted in driving the enemy from 
the field; Avas under tire of infantry and artillery, but met with 
no loss. 



13!» 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Fortieth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military 
Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monu- 
ment; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



FORTIETH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 88, Station 68-31 and 28 feet west. On south side of the Purdy Road, 
across from Review field, and .37.") feet from the Fifteenth Indiana Regiment Monu- 
ment location, measured along the Purdy Road westwardly from said location. 



40 TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

COL. JOHN W. BLAKE 

21ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER 

6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



40TH INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 
COL. JOHN W. BLAKE 



This regiment arriveo on the battlefield from Savannah, about 
12 m., April 7, 1862; was ordered, with its brigade, to the front 
BY Maj. Gen. Grant. It formed on this line at 2 p.m., and assisted 
in driving the ene.vy from the field. It was under fire of infantry 
and artillery, but sustained no loss. 



Fifty-first Infantry 

THE Fifty-first Regiment was organized at Indianapolis on 
the lltli of October, 1861, and mustered in on the 14th of 
December, 1861, with Abel D. Streight as Colonel. When 
fully organized the regiment was sent to Bardstown, Kentucky, 
to the camp of instruction. In February, 1862, it marched with 
General Buell's army to ISTashville, where it encamped a while 
and then moved to the Tennessee River, reaching the field of 
Shiloh too late to participate in the battle. It formed a part of 
the Twentieth Brigade, Sixth Division, Army of the Ohio, and 
rendered valuable services in guarding and bringing up army 
supplies. 



143 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Fifty-flrst Regiment Infantry Volnntters, on Shiloh National Mil- 
itary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Monument: and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



FIFTY-FIRST INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 20, Station 120-60 and 18 feet east. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquarters 
Monument aiid Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the Army of 
the Tennessee on Sunday night, April G, 1802. 



51 ST 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

COL. ABEL D. STREIUHT 

20TH ERIQADE-GEN. GARFIELD 
6TH DIVISION-GEN. WOOD 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



51 ST INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 
COL ABEL D. SI REIGHT 



This regiment was detailed by Brig. Gen. James A. Gakheld, at 
Savannah, Tennessee, to guard and bring up the brigade train, and 

ALSO the division SUPPLY TRAIN, AND WAS NOT ENGAGED AT ShiLOH. 




(10) 



Fifty-seventh Infantry 

THE Fifty-seventh Regiment was mustered into the sendee 
on the 18th day of Xovember, 1861, at Richmond, Indiana. 
It was mainly recruited through the efforts of Rev. J. W. 
T. McMullen and Rev. F. A. Hardin. Commanded by Colonel 
C. C. Hines. 

On the 10th of December the regiment moved to Indianapolis, 
where it remained to complete its organization until December 
23d. It was then transported to Louisville, Kentucky, where it 
reported to General Buell and was assigned to the Sixth Division 
of the Army of the Ohio, then organizing at Bardstow'n, Ken- 
tucky, to which place the regiment marched. In Februai'v, 1862, 
it was sent by rail to Munfordsville, Kentucky, and from there 
marched to Xashville, arriving in the early part of March. 

Saturday morning, ICarcli 29th, the long-expected move to Shi- 
loh began. Monday, April 7th, found the entire division, seri- 
ously fatigued and nearly exhausted, in the vicinity of Savannah, 
eight miles from Pittsburg Landing. Upon arrival at the battle- 
field it was detached and sent to the left of General Hurlbut's 
Division, where it rendered valuable services during the remain- 
ing part of the battle. 



147 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Fifty-seventh Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mill- 
iard Parkf at Pittsburg Landing. Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Monument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



FIFTY-SEVENTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 94, Station 70-77 and 105 feet east. On south side of Purdy P.oad, opposite 
the center of Review field, 725 feet southeast of the Forty-ninth Ohio Monument. 



57TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 
COL. CYRUS C. HIIMES 

21ST BRIGADE-COL. GEORGE D. WAGNER 
6TH DIVISION- GEN. WOOD 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



57TH INFANTRY 

COMMANDED BY 

COL. CYRUS C. HINES 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield about 12 m., Monday, 
April?, 1862. It formed on this line at 2 p.m. and assisted in 

DRIVING THE ENEMY FROM THE FIELD; WAS ENGAGED WITH ENEMY'S INFAN- 
TRY AND ARTILLERY. IT HAD 4 MEN WOUNDED. 



Fifty-eighth Infantry 

THE Fifty-eighth Regiment was organized at Princeton, in 
October, 1861, with Henry M. Carr as Colonel, and in the 
early part of December left for Louisville, Kentucky. It 
was assigned to Biiell's army, and during the winter of 1861- 
1862 marched through Central Kentucky, stopping a few weeks 
at Bardstown, Lebanon, Spring Garden and Bowling Green. 

On tlie 1st of March, 1862, the regiment reached ISTashville and 
remained there until the 1st of April, when it started for Pitts- 
burg Landing, which place it reached on the evening of the second 
day's battle of Shiloh, and prepared at once for action. It was, 
however, too late ; the battle had been won. After remaining 
a few days in the vicinity of Shiloh it joined in the siege of 
Corinth. 



151 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Fifty-eighth Regiment Infantry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Mili- 
tary Park, at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of 
Moi''ument; and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



FIFTY-EIGHTH INDIANA REGIMENT LOCATION 

Line 26, Station 129-45 and 28 feet west. Near W. H. L. Wallace's Headquar- 
ters Monument and Iowa State Monument, behind the last line occupied by the 
Army of the Tennessee on Sunday night, April 6, 1862. 



58TH 
REGIMENT 
INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 

COL. HENRY M. CARR 

15TH BRIGADE-GEN. M. S. HASCALL 

6TH DIVISION -GEN. WOOD 



ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



58TH INFANTRY 



COMMANDED BY 
COL. HENRY M. CARR 



This regiment arrived on the battlefield April?, 1862, too 

LATE TO participate IN THE BATTLE. 



Second Cavalry 

THE Second Cavalry, Forty-first Kegiment, was the first com- 
plete cavalry regiment raised in Indiana. It was organized 
in Indianapolis in September, 1861, with John A. Bridge- 
land as Colonel. On the 16th of December it broke camp and 
moved across the country to Louisville, Kentucky, and from 
thence to Camp Wickliffe. 

In February, 1862, it marched with Buell's army toward ISTash- 
ville, and from that point to the Tennessee River. It arrived 
opposite Pittsburg Landing on Sunday evening, April 6, 1862, 
-with General l^elson's Division; was ordered to remain there 
until the afternoon of the 7th^ when it crossed the river to the 
battlefield, where it became for a short time engaged with the 
enemy. The regiment was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 
Edward M. McCook. 



155 



This page first gives the location of the Monument erected by the State of Indiana, 
in memory of her Second Indiana Cavalry Volunteers, on Shiloh National Military Park, 
at Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee; second, gives the inscription on front of Monument; 
and third, gives the Historic inscription on the back of Monument. 



SECOND INDIANA CAVALRY LOCATION 



Location selected for Second Indiana Cavalry Monument, as follows ; 
north of Corinth Road, and .SOO feet west of Illinois Cavalry Monument. 



300 feet 



2D 

REGIMENT 

CAVALRY 



COMMANDED BY 
LIEUT. COL. EDWARD M. McCOOK 

4TH DIVISION -GEN. NELSON 
ARMY OF THE OHIO 



INDIANA 



2D CAVALRY 

COMMANDED BY 
LIEUT. COL. EDWARD M. McCOOK 



This regiment arrived opposite Pittsburg Landing oI'I Sunday 
Evening, April 6, 1862, with Gen. Nelson's Division. Was ordered 

TO REMAIN THERE UNTIL IN THE AFTERNOON OF THE 7TH, WHEN IT CROSSED 
THE RIVER TO THE BATTLEFIELD. CASUALTIES — WOUNDED, 2 MEN; MISS- 
ING, 1 MAN; TOTAL, 3. 



RECAPITULATION 

The fcillowins table shows the total loss of the Indiana regiments and batteries 
in killed, wounded and missing, in the Battle of Shiluh, on Ai)ril (> and 7, l.st)2, as 
shown by the foregoing report of historical inscriptions on monuments. 



COMMANDIXO OFFICER 



Killed 



Wounded 



Miss- 
ing 



Akmy 

OF 



9 
11 
15 
17 
23 
24 
25 
29 
30 
31 
32 
36 
39 
10 
44 
51 
57 
58 
Battery 
6 
9 
Cavalry 
2d 
22 



Col. Thomas T. Crittenden 

Col. Gideon C. Moody 

Col. George F. McGinni.s 

Lieut. Col. Gustavus A. Wood 

Col. John T. Wilder 

Col. William L. Sanderson.... 

Col. Alvin P. Hovey 

Lieut. Col. Wm. H. Morgan . .. 

Lieut. Col. David M. Dunn 

Col. Sion S. Bass 

Col. Charles Cruft 1 1 2 

Col. August Willich ; i 2 



Col. William Gross 

Col. Thomas J. Harrison 

Col. John W. Blake 

Col. Hugh B. Reed 

Col. A. D. Streight 

Col. Cyrus C. Hines 

Col. Henry M. Carr , 



Capt. Frederick Beh r 

1st Lieut. George R. Brown . 

Lieut. Col. Edw. M. McCook , 
Totals 



141146 



1601 



36 
146 
50 



34 
44 
111 

72 
109 
110 
82 
35 



171 



4011049 



36 
153 
51 



177 



5 
5 

2 
1089 



43 
51 
139 
80 
129 
138 
96 
45 
36 



212 
4 



The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 
The Tenn. 
The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 
The Tenn. 
The Tenn. 
The Tenn. 
The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 
The Tenn. 
The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 
The Tenn. 
The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 
The Ohio. 

The Tenn. 
The Tenn. 

The Ohio. 



1262 



15!> 



BATTLE OF SHILOH 

The number of men in the Union Army under eonjmand of Major (Jeneral U. S. 
(irant, known as the Army of the Tennessee, and of Major General Don Carlos Buell, 
known as the Army of the Ohio, and present at the Battle of Shiloh, on April (J and 
7, 1862, was as follows: 



NAME OF ARMY AND COMMANDERS 



No. OF 
Troops 



Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant. 

Army of the Ohio, commanded by Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell . 

Total number, Armies of the Tennessee and Ohio 



39,830 
17,918 
57,748 



The Army of the Ohio was not engaged in the Battle of SMloli, on 
Sunday, April 6, 1862, and the Army of the Tennessee had at no time 
during the battle on Sunday more than 33,000 effective men, and excluding 
the panic-stricken troops who fled before tiring a shot, there was not a 
time during Sunday, the 6tli, when there were more tlian 2.1.0O0 men in 
the battle line and engaged. See Maj. Gen. U. S. Grant's 1st Volume of 
his Personal Memoirs, page 366. 

On Monday, the Army of the Ohio, under Maj. Gen. Don Carlos Buell, 
could not at any time have had more than 15,000 men engaged; so that on 
Monday, the second day's battle, the combined forces of the Union Army 
engaged, could not have exceeded 35.000 men, while the total of the Union 
Army present during both days of the battle, as shown above, was 57,748, 
which included staff, hospital, quartermaster, ordnance, medical, nurses, 
musicians and other departments of the army service. 



BATTLE OF SHILOH 

The number of Confederate troops engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, April and 
7, 1862, under command of General Albert Sidney .Johnston, which included the 
Army Corps of Major General Leonidas Polk, Major (ieneral Braxton Bragg, Major 
General VV. J. Hardee and Major (General J. C. Breckinridge, as shown by the rec- 
ords, was as follows: 



NAME OF ARMY AND COMMANDER 



No. OF 
Troops 



Army of the Mississippi, commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston | 43,968 

The above figures, in accordance with Confederate Army reports, 
show the number of enlisted men engaged in the Battle of Shiloh, April 
6 and 7, 1862, was 43,9(t8. According to the custom of enumeration of the 
Confederate Armies in the South, this number probably excluded generals 
and staff officers, army chaplains, quartermasters, commissary, ordnance, 
medical, hospital, nurses, musicians and all other departments of army 
service— everybody who did not carry a gun or serve a cannon— which 
would have in that event increased the above report to an army of 50,000 
men. 

The Confederate loss during the two days' battle at Shiloh, as shown 
in the report of Gen. G. T. Beauregard (see page 32) after the battle, 
shows a total loss of 10,699, of whom 1,728 were killed; 8,012 wounded, 
and 959 missing. Gen. U. S. Grant says in his Personal Memoirs, Vol 1, 
page 367, that this estimate of the loss must be incorrect; that we buried, 
by actual count, more of the enemy's dead in front of the divisions of 
McClernand and Sherman alone than was reported, and 4,000 was the 
estimate of the burial parties for the Avhole field. 

1(10 



BATTLE OF SHILOH 

Table showing loss in killed, wounded and missing of the Army of the Tennessee, 
under Major General U. S. (irant, and of the Army of the Ohio, under Major General 
Don Carlos Buell, in the Battle of Shiloh, on April B and 7, ISCL', by divisions. 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE, MAJOR GENERAL U. S. GRANT 



DIVISION COMMANDER 



Killed 




1st 

2d 

3d 

4th 

5th 

6th 



Maj Gen. John A. McClernand 
Brig. Gen. W. H. L. Wallace 
Maj. Gen. Lewis Wallace. 
Brig. Gen. S. A. Hurlbut . 
Brig. Gen. W. T. Sherman 
Brig. Gen. B. M. Prentiss 

Unassigned 

Totals 



ARMY OF THE OHIO, MAJOR GENERAL D. C. BUELL 



>', 




Killed 


Wounded 


Capt'd and 
Missing 


'11 

< 


o 


I 














H 


in 

c 

6 

2; 


DIVISION COMMANDER 


05 

U 

0) 

c 
O 


■f. 


o 
£-1 


X 

o 

i 


t3 
1 


I 


U 

?6 



1 





EH 




2d 


Brig. Gen. A. McD. Cook 


6 


82 


88| 


32 


791 


823 




7 


7 


918 


4th 


Brig. Gen. William Nelson 


5 


88 


93 


36 


567 


603 


....| 20 


20 


716 


5th 


Brig. Gen. T. L. Crittenden.... 


6 54 


60 


24 


353 


377 


t •■ 


28 


28 


465 


6tli 


Brig. Gen. T. J. Wood 








4 


4 








4 




Totals 


- 










17 


224 


241 


92 


1715 


1807 


55 


55 


2103 



RECAPITULATION 





Killed 


Wounded 


Capt'd and 
Missing 


CO 

►J 




[ ; i 
1 


u 






£ 






1 

a 




















<t3 , e c 


ffic 

nli 
en 

Ota 


S cj 









^WS ~ 


c , ws ; H 


C KS 


H 


C5 


Army of the Tennessee 


87 


14261 1513 


336 6265 


6601 


1151 23181 2830 


10944 


Army of the Ohio 


17 


224 241 


92; 1715 


1807 


.... 55 55 


} 2103 


Totals 


104 1650 1754 


428| 7980 


8408 


115 2373 2885 


1 13047 



(11) 



IHl 



BATTLE OF SHILOH 

The following table shows the list of killed, wounded and missing in the Con- 
federate Army, known as the Army of the Mississippi, and commanded by General 
Albert Sidney Johnston, in the Battle of Shiloh, on April 6 and 7, 18()2, as shown 
by the Confederate official report made by Thomas Jordan, Assistant Adjutant 
General of the Army of the Mississippi. 



COMMAND 





H 

a 
o 


z 

CO 


o 


FIRST CORPS, MAJOR GENERAL LEONIDAS POLK. 

First Division, Brigadier General Charles Clark. 

First Brigade, coninianded by Col. K. M. Russell 

Second Brigade, eonimanded by Brig. Gen. A. P. Stewart 

Second Division, Major General B. F. Cheatham. 

First Brigade, commanded by Brig. Gen. B. R. Johnson 

Second Brigade, commanded by Col. W. H. Stephens 


97 
93 

120 

75 


512 
421 

607 
413 


3 

13 
3 


609 
517 

740 
491 


Total killed, woimded and missing in First Corps 


385 


1953 


19 


2357 


SECOND CORPS. MAJOR GENERAL BRAXTON BRAGG. 

First Division, Brigadier General Daniel Ruggles. 


97 

69 
89 

129 

83 
86 


488 

313 
336 

597 

343 
364 


97 

52 
169 

103 

19 
194 


682 


Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General Patton An- 


434 




594 


Second Division, Brigadier General J. M. Withers. 
First Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General A. H. Gladden. 
Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General J. R. Chal- 


829 
445 


Third Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General J. K. Jackson. 


644 


Total killed, wounded and nussing in Second Corps 


553 


2441 


634 


3628 


THIRD CORPS. COMMANDED BY MAJOR GENERAL 
WM. J. HARDEE. 

First Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General T. C. Hindman 
Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General P. E. Cle- 


1 
109 

188 
107 


546 

790 
600 


38 

65 
38 


693 
1043 


Third Brigade, connnanded l)y Brigadier General S. A. M. Wood 


745 




104 


1936 


141 


2481 






RESERVE CORPS, MAJOR GENERAL 
J. C. BRECKINRIDGE. 

First (Kentucky) Brigade, comnuinded by Colonel R. P. Trabue. 
Second Brigade, commanded by Brigadier General J. S. Bo wen. 


151 
98 
137 


557 
498 
627 


92 
28 
45 


800 
624 
809 






Total killed, wounded and missing in Reserve Corps 


386 


1682 


165 


2233 




1728 


8012 


959 


10699 







162 



Distinguished in Peace and in War 

MAISTY of the participants in the Battle of Shiloh became 
distinguished in peace as well as in war. Among them 
Major General U. S. Grant, who was at that time only 
a Department Commander, was made the Commander of the 
Union Army and the highest rank, that of General, conferred 
upon him. He was twice elected President of the United States. 
Major General Lew Wallace was ai)pointed Minister to Mex- 
ico aad afterward Minister to Turkey. As a writer of the famous 
"Ben-Iiur" and otlier contributions of literature he has achieved 
a universal reputation. 

Gideon C. Mooby, of the Tv^inth Indiana, rose from the ranks 
in his regiment, commanding it at the Battle of Shiloh, and after 
the close of the war was elected as a United States Senator from 
South Dakota. 

Jaimes a. Garfield, a Brigadier General at Shiloh, was elected 
to Congress, serving several terms as such, then to the United 
States Senate and President of the United States. 

Benjamin H. Bristow, who was Lieutenant Colonel of the 
Twenty-fifth Kentucky, became Secretary of the United States 
Treasury. 

Alvin p. IIovey, Colonel of the Twenty-fourth Indiana, was 
promoted Brigadier, and a Brevet Major General, and served with 
marked distinction as Minister to Peru, Member of Congress and 
as Governor of Indiana. 

John W. Foster, Major commanding the Twenty-fifth Indiana, 
served as Minister to Mexico and Secretary of State of the United 
States. His knowledge of international law is highly esteemed 
by the Government. 

Colonel John F. Miller bore a conspicuous part in the War 
of the Rebellion. lie was Colonel of the Twenty-ninth Indiana, 
and appointed Brigadier and brevetted a Major General, and rep- 
resented the State of California in the United States Senate. 



Miscellaneous 



INDIANA OFFICERS COMMISSIONED BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN, WHO 
WERE IN THE BATTLE OF SHILOH 

Major Generals 

Lewis Wallace, 
Robert H. Milroy. 

Brevet Major Generals 

Alvin p. Hovey, 
Charles Cruft, 
John F. Miller, 
William Grose, 
Edward M. McCook. 

Brigadier Generals 

MiLO S. Hascall, 
Thomas T. Crittenden, 
James C. Veatch, 
August Willich, 
George D. Wagner, 
George F. McGinnis, 
Thomas J. Harrison, 
John F. Miller. 



167 



Before the Battle 

General Grant issued no orders to his troops prior to the battle, 
except in the event of an attack, but General Albert Sidney John- 
ston issued the following inflammatory order : 

Headquarteks Army of the Mississippi, 

Corinth, Miss., April 3, 1862. 
Soldiers of tJie Army of the Mississippi : 

I have put you in motion to offer battle to the invaders of your 
country. With the resolution and disciplined valor becoming men 
fighting as you are, for all worth living or dying for, you can but 
march to a decisive victory over the agrarian mercenaries sent 
to subjugate and despoil you of your liberties, property and honor. 
Remember the precious stake involved. Remember the depend- 
ence of your mothers, your wives, your sisters and your children 
on the result. Remember the fair, broad abounding land, the 
happy homes and ties that will be desolated by your defeat. The 
eyes and hopes of 8,000,000 of people rest upon you. You are 
expected to show yourselves worthy of your valor and lineage ; 
worthy of the women of the South, whose noble devotion in this 
war has never been exceeded in any time. With such incentives 
to brave deeds, and with the trust that God is with us, your 
Generals will lead you confidently to the combat, assured of 
success. A. S. Johnston, 

General Commandine;. 



1(38 



After the Battle 

General Orders, ]^o. 34. 

Headquarters District of West Tennessee, 

Pittsburg, April 8, 1862. 

The General Conniinndina; congratulates the troops who so gal- 
lantly maintained, re})ulse(l and routed a numerically superior 
force of the enemy, composed of the flower of the Southern Army, 
commanded by their ablest Generals, and fought by them with 
all the desperation of despair. 

In numbers engaged, no such contest ever took place on this 
continent; in importance of results, but few such have taken 
place in the history of the world. Whilst congratulating the 
brave and gallant soldiers, it becomes the duty of the General 
Commanding to make special notice of the brave wounded and 
those killed upon the field. Whilst they leave friends and rela- 
tives to mourn their loss, they have won a nation's gratitude and 
undying laurels not to be forgotten by future generations, who 
will enjoy the blessings of the best government the sun ever shone 
upon, preserved by their valor. 

By order of Major General IT. S. Grant. 

John A. Kawlins, 

Adjutant General. 

General A. S. Johnston, the pride of the Confederate Army, 
was killed in the first day's fighting, and General G. T. Beaure- 
gard, next in rank, took command of the Confederate forces and 
issued this address : 

Headquarters Army of the Mississippi, 

Corinth, Miss., April 16, 1862. 
Soldiers of the Army of the Mississippi: 

You have bravely fought the invaders of your soil for two days 
in his owa position ; fought your superior in numbers, in arms, 
in all the appliances of war. Your success has been signal. His 



Indiana at Shiloh 

losses have been iimiiense, outnumbering yours in all sa^e the 
personal worth of the slain. You drove him from his camps to 
the shelter of his iron-clad gunboats, which alone saved him from 
complete disaster. You captured his artillery, more than twenty- 
five flags and standards, aad took over three thousand prisoners. 
You have done your duty. Your Commanding General thanks 
you. Your countrymen are proud of your deeds on the bloody 
field of Shiloh ; confident in the ultimate results of your valor. 

Soldiers, untoward events saved the enemy from annihilation. 
His insolent presence still pollutes your soil, his hostile flag still 
flaunts before you. There can be no peace so long as these things 
are. 

Trusting that God is with us, as with our fathers, let us seek 
to be worthy of His favor, and resolve to be independent or perish 
in the struggle. G. T. Beauregard, 

General Comnumding. 



170 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

ADESCEIPTION of the Battle of Shiloh, by Major D. W. 
Reed, Historian of the I^ational Shiloh Commission, is 
included in this volume. Tt has been carefully compiled by 
Major lieed, after years of study and research, and will be found 
wholly impartial, setting- forth facts as they actually existed. It 
will be found very interesting and of great value to all who 
desire to know the facts concerning the great battle of the Rebel- 
lion. Major Reed's description of the battle is as follows : 

The Battle of Shiloh has been, as General Grant says, "more 
persistently misunderstood than any other battle of the war." 
This misunderstanding is not confined to either side. It is as 
common among Confederate soldiers as among Union soldiers, and 
exists equally among the people of the ISTorth and the people of the 
South, and is to be accounted for by the false and inaccurate 
reports of the battle which were first given to the public. 

The earliest account of the battle to reach the people of the 
North was written by a correspondent for the Cincinnati Gazette, 
who was not upon the field on Sunday and must have obtained 
whatever information he had on the subject from stragglers far 
in the rear of the army. 

He had, however, followed the nuixim of many newspaper cor- 
respondents then as w^ell as now, "Anything to be first," and, 
seizing upon the wild rumors always floating rearward from the 
line of battle, he embellished with drafts from his overwrought 
imagination in order to nuike it sufficiently sensational, and sent 
it to his paper labeled "A truthful account by an eye-witness," 
with underscored head lines, which, under the present fonns, 
should have been printed in red. 

This account, being the first to reach the public, was eagerly 
read and accepted as true, and has been incorporated by some 
of the would-be historians into their books and papers without 

171 



Indiana at Shiloh 

an inquiry as to the truth or falsity of the report. As a result 
we still read articles which reproduce the startling headlines of 
that newspaper announcing ''The great surprise at Shiloh ;" "The 
camp of a whole division captured at daylight while the men 
were asleep in their tents;" "Officers bayoneted in their beds," 
etc. These articles quite frequently assume or assert that these 
statements are true and proceed to moralize on the Battle of 
Shiloh from that standpoint. 

Whatever excuse the first correspondent may have had for his 
sensational report, there has been no possible reason for anyone 
to continue to quote his misstatements since the official reports 
of the battle have been published and are accessible to anyone 
caring to know the truth. 

These official reports from Union and Confederate officers agree 
that the first shots of the Battle of Shiloh were fired at 4.55 
o'clock Sunda}' morning, in an engagement between pickets of 
Hardee's Corps and a reconnoitering party sent out by General 
Prentiss, and they also show that this picket firing was at a point 
more than one mile in advance of the Union camps; that from 
that point the Confederate advance was stubbornly resisted for 
fully four hours before a camp was captured ; that over one thou- 
sand Unioa soldiers and at least an equal number of Confederates 
were killed or wounded far in front of the line of camps. 

While this fierce confiict was in progress all the troops upon 
the field had gotten into line, and it is absurd to claim that any 
soldier remained asleep in his tent, or unprepared for battle, until 
9 o'clock in the morning while heavy batteries of artillery and 
twenty thousand infantry were engaged for four hours in a fierce 
confiict in front of his camp. 

Doubtless an earnest effort by those in authority might have 
corrected many errors in regard to Shiloh at the time, but there 
seems to have been a willingness to let the reports stand as a 
reflection upon the Anny of the Tennessee, and as an excuse for 
placing its Connnander in retirement without the privilege of even 
reviewing the reports of the battle he had fought and won. 

On the Confederate side, also, disagreements existed. Their 
first newspaper reports were as imreliable, and their official 

172 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

reports show like evidences of misunderstanding aad jealousy. 
General Johnston was killed on the field. His version of the plan 
of the battle and his pur]ioses could only he oiven by the members 
of his staff, who at once claimed that the battle would have been 
won if it had been pushed upon the plan which General Johnston 
had announced and which was well inaugurated when he was 

killed. 

General Beauregard, in his report, enters upon a defense of his 
management of the battle after General Johnstoa fell. Subor- 
dinates take sides for and against their chiefs with such earnest- 
ness that some of the reports take the form of personal contro- 
versies which tend to a confused rather than a perfect under- 
standing of the battle. 

These differences of o]iinions and misunderstandings have been 
freely discussed on the platform and in the public press until it 
may seem that the subject is without further interest. Upon 
careful investigation, however, it appears that much that has been 
said and written on the sul;)ject has been from a purely personal 
standpoint in order to defend a favorite Commander, or to show 
the part taken by some particular regiment. It also appears that 
tliere has been little or no effort made to show the movements of 
both armies so as to illustrate the battle in detail. Our purpose 
shall be to give the facts which are to be gathered from the 
official reports of both armies and, without discussing the "ifs" 
or "might have beens," to present the record as we find it and 
leave the student of history to draw his own conclusions and 
make his own speculations upon any hypothesis that may suggest 
itself to his fertile brain. 

In order to fairly present these official reports and to show 
their connection, months have been spent in their careful study 
and comparison, in connection with the accurate topographical 
maps prepared by the Shiloh National Military Park Commission, 
as well as in actual tests and measurements upon the field, where 
each movement has been followed and verified until all have been 
made to harmonize. These investigations demonstrate the fact 
that many criticisms upon the Battle of Shiloh would never have 
been made had the critic first visited the field aad noted its topog- 

173 



Indiana at Shiloh 

raphy. It is also found that apparent conflicts in the reports arc 
often explained when they are examined on the ground. In many 
cases officers occnpying adjacent positions npon the same line at 
the same time have each claimed that they were alone, unsup- 
ported upon the right and left. Survivors of the battle when 
examining the maps have objected to the continuous lines of battle 
shown thereon at certain points where they thought their com- 
mands were fighting alone. These differences can usually be 
explained by the presence of some natural obstruction on the field 
which Avould prevent jjcrsons at one position from seeing those 
who occupied the other. 

Upon one ])oint at least there seems to be no controversy. Up 
to that time Shiloh was the most important battle of the war. 
ISo such numbers of men had met upon any other field, ^o such 
important results had been pending. Its losses on both sides, 
compared with the numbers engaged, show it to have been one 
of the most if not the most sanguinary battles of the war. The 
best blood of tlie Xorth and South was freely shed, as testified 
by over twenty thousand killed and wounded on that fiercely con- 
tested field, yet with results so evenly balanced that either side 
could and did claim a victory. 

FIELD OF OPERATIONS! 

On the 1st day of January, 1862, General Albert Sidney John- 
ston was in command of all the Confederate forces of Tennessee 
and Kentucky. His troops occupied a line of defense extending 
from Columbus, Kentucky, through Forts Henry aad Donelson 
to Bowling Green, Kentncky, where General Johnston had his 
headquarters. 

General II. W. Ilalleck at that date commanded the Depart- 
ment of the Missouri with liead(|uarters at St. Louis, and General 
D. C. Buell commanded the Department of the Ohio with head- 
quarters at Louisville, Kentucky. The Cumberland River formed 
the boundary se]iarating the Departments of the Missouri and 
the Ohio. 

^^^^io^^s Pl''«s li«cl been canvassed by Generals Ilalleck and 



' See map of field of operations. 



174 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Enell, participated in by the General in Chief, for an attack upon 
the Confederate line. General Halleck had asked to have General 
Biiell's army transferred to him, or at least placed under his 
command, claiming that without such union and an army of at 
least 60,000 men under one Commander it would be impossible 
to break the well estal)lished lines of General Johnston.^ 

Before such union could be effected, and before General Hal- 
leck had received a reply to his request, General Grant asked for 
and received permission to attack the line at Fort Henry on the 
Tennessee River.^ Assisted by the gunboat fleet of Commodore 
Foote, Grant captured Fort Henry on the 6th of February, and 
then, moving upon Fort Donelson, captured that place, with 
15,000 prisoners, on the 16th. The loss of these forts broke 
General Johnston's line at its center and compelled him to evacu- 
ate Columbus and Bowling Green, abandon Tennessee and Ken- 
tucky to the Union Army, and seek a new line of defense on 
the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. 

General Halleck was displeased with Grant because he sent a 
division of troops into Buell's department at Clarksville.'^ This 
displeasure was increased when he learned that General Grant 
had gone to J^Tashville for consultation with General Buell. Hal- 
leck directed the withdrawal of Smith's division from Clarksville, 
suspended General Grant from command, and ordered him to 
Fort Henry to await orders.'* He then placed General C. F. 
Smith in command of all the troops with orders to proceed up the 
Tennessee River and to make an effort to break the Confederate 
line on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad at some place near 
Florence.^ 

General Smith's advance reached Savannah, Tennessee, March 
13, 1862. Having determined to make that point his base of oper- 
ations, he landed the troops that accompanied his advance, and 
sent boats back for supplies and the remainder of his army. 

General W. T. Sherman had organized a division of new troops 

'No. 8 War Records, pp. 508-510. Reference to War Records will be given by serial 
numbers, 10 War Records being volume 10; 11 War Records being part 2 of volume 10. 
=> 1 Orant, p. 287. 

'Halleek's telegram to t'ullum, March 1, 1862. 
* 11 War Records, p. 3. 
'7 War Records, p. 674; 11 War Records, p. 6. 

(12) 177 



Indiana at Shiloh 

while he was in command at Paducah. With these he was ordered 
to report to General Smith. He reached Sav^annah on the 14th 
of ]\Iarch and was ordered by General Smith to j^i'oceed up the 
river to some point near Eastport and from there make an attempt 
to break the Memphis and Charleston Railroad in the vicinity of 
Bnrnsville, Mississippi.^ 

Previous to this time a g'lmboat fleet had passed up the Ten- 
nessee River as far as Florence. At Pittsburg Landing this fleet 
encountered a small force of Confederates, consisting of the 
Eighteenth Louisiana Infantry, Gibson's Battery of Artillery, and 
some cavalry. The gunboats shelled the position and drove away 
the Confederates. A bursting shell set fire to and destroyed one 
of the three buildings at the landing. The fleet proceeded up 
the river to Florence, and on its return landed a small party at 
Pittsburg Landing to investigate. This party found a dismounted 
thirty-two-pounder gun on the river bluff, and about one mile out 
a hospital containing several Confederate soldiers that had been 
wounded a few days before in the engagement with the fleet. 
Near the hospital a Confederate picket post stopped their advance 
and the party returned to the boats. 

In the report made by the officer in connnand of this naval 
ex]iedition is found the first mention of Pittsburg Landing, that 
little hamlet on the Tennessee River so soon to become historic. 

When General Sherman's command was passing Pittsburg 
Landing, Lieutenant Gwin, of the United States Gunboat Tyler, 
pointed out to (xcneral Sherman the position that had been occu- 
pied by the Confederate battery, and informed him that there 
was a good road from that point to Corinth ; that it was, in fact, 
the landing place for all goods shipped by river to and from Cor- 
inth. General Sherman at once reported tliese facts to General 
Smith and asked that the place be occupied in force while the 
demonstration was being made against Burnsville. In compliance 
with this request, General Hurlbut's Division was at once dis- 
patched by boats to Pittsburg Landing. 

General Sherman proceeded up the river and landed his division 
at the mouth of Yellow Creek, a few miles below Eastport, and 

• 10 War Records, p. 22. 

178 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

made an atteiupt to niareli to Burnsvillo. Heavy rains and high 
water compelled his return to the boats. Finding no other acces- 
sible landing place he dropjied down to Pittsburg Landing, where 
he found Hurlbut's Divis^^ion on boats. 

Sherman reported to General Smith that Eastport was occupied 
in force by the Confederates, and that Pittsburg Landing was 
the first point below East])ort that was above water, so that a 
landing of troops could be made. He was directed to disendjark 
his division and Hurlbut's and put them in camp far enough back 
to afford room for the other divisions of the army to encamp near 
the river. 

On the 16th of March Sherman landed a part of his division, 
and, accompanied by Colonel McPhersou, of (Jeneral Halleck':; 
Staff, ]narched out as far as Monterey, eleven miles, dispersing 
a Confederate cavalry camp. Returning to the river he spent 
two days in disembarking his troops and selecting camps, and on 
the li!th moved out and put his troops into the positions to which 
he had assigned them, about two and one-half miles from the 
landing. 

Pittsburg Landing, on the left bank of the Tennessee Kiver, 
eight unles above Savannah, was at that time simply a lauding 
place for steamboats trading along the river. Its high bluff, at 
least eighty feet above the water at its highest flood, afforded 
a safe place for the deposit of products unloaded from, or to be 
loaded upon, the boats. From this landing a good ridge road 
ran southwesterly to Corinth, Mississippi, twenty-two miles away. 
One mile out from the river the Corinth road crossed another 
road running north and south parallel with the river, and con- 
necting Savannah below with Hamburg, four miles above Pitts- 
burg Landing. One quarter of a nnle beyond this crossing the 
Corinth road forked, the part known as Eastern Corinth road 
I'unning ne:'.rly south until it intersected the Bark mad, three 
miles from the river. 

The other, or main road, running due west from the fork, 
crossed the Hamburg and Purdy road two miles from the river, 
and then, turning southwest, passed Shiloh Churcdi just two and 
one-half miles from the river. At a point fire mihvs out this 

181 



Indiana at Shiloh 

main road intersected the Bark road at the southwest corner of 
what is now the lands of the Shiloh National Military Park. The 
Bark road, running nearly due east to Hamburg, forms the south- 
ern boundary of the park. 

On the south side of the Bark road ridge is Lick Creek, which 
has its rise near Monterey, and empties into the Tennessee about 
two miles above Pittsburg Landing. Xorth of the main Corinth 
road, and at an average of about one mile from it, is Owl Creek, 
which flows northeasterly and empties into Snake Creek at the 
point where the Savannah road crosses it. Snake Creek empties 
into the Tennessee Eiver about one mile below Pittsburg Landing. 

All these streams flow through flat, muddy bottom lands and 
are in the spring of the year practically impassable, and in April, 
1862, could not be crossed except at two or three places where 
bridges were maintained. These streams therefore formed an 
excellent protection against an attack upon either flank of an 
army encamped between them. The general surface of the land 
along the Corinth road is about on the same level, but is cut up 
on either side by deep ravines and watercourses leading into the 
creeks. In many of these ravines are running streams with the 
usual marshy margins. In 1S62 this plateau was covered with 
open forest Avith frequent thick undergrowth and an occasional 
clearing of a few acres surrounding the farmhouse of the owner. 

Sherman selected grounds for his division camps just behind 
a stream called Shiloh Branch, McDowell's Brigade on the right, 
with his right on Owl Creek at the bridge where the Hamburg 
and Purdy road crosses the creek ; Buckland's Brigade next in line 
to the left, with his left at Shiloh Church ; Hildebrand's Brigade 
to the left of the church ; Stuart's Brigade, detached from others, 
to the extreme left of the line at the point where the Savannah 
and Hamburg and the Purdy and Hamburg roads unite just be- 
fore they cross Lick Creek. Hurlbut's Division formed its camp 
one mile in the rear of Sherman's, near the crossing of the Corinth 
and the Hamburg and Savannah roads. 

On the 11th day of March the Departments of the Missouri 
and the Ohio were consolidated under the name of the Depart- 
ment of the Mississippi, and Major (ieneral H. AV. Halleck was 

182 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

assigned to the coiinnand, giving liiin from that date the control 
he had sought — of both armies then operating in Tennessee. 
General Smith, about the time of his arrival at Savannah, had 
received an injury to his leg while stepping from a gunboat into 
a yawl. This injury, apparently insigniticant at first, soon took 
such serious form that the General was obliged to relinquish com- 
mand of the troops, and General Grant was restored to duty and 
ordered by General Ilalleck to repair to Savannah and take com- 
mand of the troops in that vicinity. Upon his arrival at Savan- 
nah, March iTth, General Grant found his army divided, a part 
on either side of the Tennessee River. He at once reported to 
General Halleck^ the exact situation, and in answer was directed 
to "destroy the railroad connections at Corinth."" 

To carry out this order General Grant transferred the remain- 
der of his army, except a small garrison for Savannah, to the west 
side of the river, concentrating the First, Second, Fourth and 
Fifth Divisions at Pittsburg Landing, and the Third at Crump's 
Landing, six miles below. General McClernand, with the First 
Division, formed his camp in the rear of Sherman's right bri- 
gades. General W. H. L. Wallace, commanding the Second Divi- 
sion, encamped to the right of Hurlbut, between Corinth road 
and Snake Creek. A new division, the Sixth, just organizing 
under General Prentiss out of new troops, went into camp as the 
regiments arrived between Hildebrand's and Stuart's Brigades of 
Shermaa's Division, its center on the eastern Corinth road. Gen- 
eral Lew AVallace, commanding the Third Division, placed his 
First Brigade at Crump's, his Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome, 
and his Third Brigade at Adamsville, five miles out on the Purdy 
road. 

On March 10th General Halleck wrote General McClellan: 
"I propose going to the Tennessee in a few days to take personal 
command."'^ Pending his arrival at the front his orders to Smith, 
to Sherman, and to Grant were: "My instructions not to bring- 
on an engagement must be strictly obeyed ;"■* but when informed 

" 11 War Records, p. 45. 
^ 11 War Records, p. 46. 
^11 War Records, p. 24. 
* 7 War Records, p. 674; 10 War Records, p. 25; 11 War Records, p. 41. 

183 



Indiana at Shiloh 

bv General Grant that the contemplated attack upon Gorinth 
would make a general engagement inevitable, Halleck at once 
ordered, ''By all means keep your forces together until you con- 
nect with General Buell. Don't let the enemy draw you into an 
engagement now."^ To this General Grant replied: "All troops 
have been concentrated near Pittsburg Landing. No movement 
of troops Avill be made except to advance Sherman to Pea Ridge. "^ 
Sherman made a reconnoissance toward Pea Ridge March 2-ith 
and drove some cavalry across Lick Creek. He bivouacked at 
Chambers's plantation that night, and returned to camp next 
morniag. 

On the 31st, with two regiments of infantry, a section of artil- 
lery, and a company of cavalry, Sherman went up to Eastport. 
Finding the Confederate works there and at Chickasaw aban- 
doned, he sent his scouts toward luka. Confederate cavalry was 
encountered, and the command returned to Pittsburg Landing. 

The Army of the Tennessee, commanded by Major General 
U. S. Grant, was, on the 5th of April, 1862, composed of six 
divisions. The First, commanded by Major General John A. 
McClernand ; the Second, by Brigadier General W. H. L. Wal- 
lace; the Third, by Major General Lew Wallace; the Fourth, by 
Brigadier General S. A. Hurlbut; the Fifth, by Brigadier Gen- 
eral W. T. Sherman, and the Sixth, by Brigadier General B. M. 
Prentiss. Generals McClernand, C. F. Smith and Lew Wallace 
had been promoted Major Generals March 21, 1862. Official 
notice of such promotion was sent to General Grant by General 
Halleck from St. Louis April 5tli.^ Previous to this notice of 
promotion the order of rank of the Brigadiers was as follows : 
Sherman, McClernand, Hurlbut, Prentiss, C. F. Smith, Lew Wal- 
lace, W. H. L. Wallace. General Smith, until relieved by 
General Grant, March iTth, was in command by order of General 
McClellan.-^ 

The camps of Sherman and Prentiss formed the front line 
about two and one-half miles from Pittsburs: Landing and extend- 



^ 11 War Records, pp. 50, 51. 
= 11 War Records, p. 57. 
*11 War Records, p. 94. 
* 11 War Records, p. 82. 



184 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

ing in a semicircle from Owl Creek on the right to Lick Creek on 
the left. One company from each regiment was advanced as a 
picket one mile in front of regimental camps. 

By the official returns of April 5, 1862, there were, in the five 
divisions of the Army of the Tennessee at Pittsburg Laading, 
])resent for dnty/ infantry, artillery, and cavalry, officers and 
men, 39,830 ; in the Third Division, at Crump's Landing, present 
for duty, officers and men, 7,564. 

On the evening of the 5th the ad^^ance of General Buell's army 
arrived at Savannah, and in one day more would have united 
with the Army of the Tennessee, ready for the ad\^ance on Cor- 
inth, as contemplated and announced in General Ilalleck's pro- 
graiume. 

AVhen General Johnston withdrew his army from Kentucky 
and Tennessee, after the fall of Fort Donelson, he established his 
new line of operations along the Memphis and Charleston Rail- 
road with his right at Chattanooga and his left on the Mississippi 
at Fort Pillow. On this line he was reinforced by Generals Polk 
and Beauregard, from Columbus and West Tennessee, and by 
General Bragg, from Pensacola and Mobile, and had ordered Van 
Dorn, from Little Bock, Arkansas, to report with his army at 
Corinth, Mississippi. As early as March 9th General Buggies 
was placed in command at Corinth and was ordered to put his 
troops in marching order and to commence a line of entrench- 
ments around the town. 

On the 29th of March General Johnston issued a general order 
consolidating the armies of Kentucky and Mississippi and some 
independent commands, into the '^Army of the Mississippi," of 
which he assumed the command, naming General G. T. Beaure- 
gard as second in command and Major General Braxton Bragg as 
Chief of Staff. Subsequently he organized his army into four 
corps. The First Corps w^as commanded by Major General Leoni- 
das Polk ; the Second Corps commanded by Major General Brax- 
ton Bragg; the Third Corps commanded by Major General AV. J. 
Hardee, and the Reserve Corps commanded by Brigadier General 
J. C. Breckinridge. 

' Note r. 

185 



Indiana at Shiloh 

One division of the First Corps, Cheatham's, was at Bethel and 
Pnrdy ; a brigade of the Second Corps was at Monterey ; the 
Eeserve Corps at Bnrnsville ; the cavalrv nearer the Union lines. 
All other troops concentrated at Corinth.^ 

(Jeneral Johnston had been depressed by the censure of the 
Southern press, and as late as March 18th offered to relinquish 
the command of the army to General Beauregard. Reassured by 
expressions of confidence by Mr. Davis, he resolved to retain com- 
mand and, if possible, regain the confidence of the people by 
taking tlie oft'ensive and attacking Grant's army at Pittsburg 
Landing, hoping to defeat that army before it could be reinforced 
by General Buell. 

Hearing that General Buell was nearing Savannah, General 
Johnston determined to attack at once, without waiting the arrival 
of Van Dorn. Accordingly, on the 3d of April he issued orders 
for the forward movement, directing his army to move by the 
several roads and concentrate at Mickey's, eight miles from Pitts- 
burg Landing, so as to be ready to attack at sunrise on the morn- 
ing of the 5th. Heavy rains, bad roads, and the delays incident 
to marching large columns with wagon trains and artillery over 
muddy roads, prevented the asseml)ly of the army at Mickey's 
until nearly night of the oth. It was then determined to delay 
the attack until daylight next morning. 

The aggregate present for duty, officers and men of the Con- 
federate Army, infantry, artillery, and cavalry, assembled at 
Mickey's April 5, 18()2, as shown by official reports, was 43,968.^ 

This army General Johnston put in line of battle and biv- 
ouacked Saturday night in the following order : Major General 
Hardee's Corps on the first or advanced line, with Cleburne's Bri- 
gade on the left, its left flank at Widow Howell's, near Winning- 
ham Creek ; Wood's Brigade next to the right, Avith his right on 
the main Pittsburg and Corinth road, and just in rear of the 
Wood's field ; Shaver's Brigade on right of Pittsburg and Corinth 
road, extending the line nearly to Bark road. As Hardee's line 
thus deployed did not occupy all the space to Lick Creek, as 
desired, Gladden's Brigade from Withers's Division of Second 

' See map of territory between Pittsburg Landing and Corinth. 
' Note r. 

186 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Corps was added to Hardee's riglit, extending tlie line across Bark 
road. 

Major General Brag'g's Corps was deployed eight hundred 
yards in rear of the first line, with Rnggles's Division on the left 
and Withers's Division on the right, in the following order of 
brigades from left to right : Pond, Anderson, Gibson, Jackson, 
and Chalmers. This second line overlapped the first and extended 
beyond Hardee's on both flanks, Jackson's left flank resting on 
the Bark road. 

The corps of Generals Polk and Breckinridge w^ere formed in 
column by brigades in rear of the second line. Wharton's and 
BreAver's Cavalry were on the left flank, guarding the roads 
toward Stantonville ; Clanton's Cavalry was on the riglit front ; 
Avery's, Forrest's and Adams's Cavalry at Greer's Ford on Lick 
Creek. Other cavalry organizations were attached to the different 
corps. 

General Johnston's headquarters were established at the forks 
of the Bark and Pittsburg roads. 

Pickets were sent out from the first line. The Third Missis- 
sippi, commanded by Major Hardcastle, was on such duty in 
front of AVood's Brigade, his reserve post, at the corner where 
Wood's and Fraley's fields join. 

THE BATTLE' 

During the Confederate advance from Monterey on the 3d 
there had been skirmishing between the cavalry of the two armies, 
and on the 4th one of Buckland's picket posts was captured. 
Buckland sent out two companies in pursuit of the captors. These 
companies Avere attacked and surrounded by Confederate cavalry, 
but w^ere rescued by Buckland coming to their relief with his 
whole regiment. On Saturday Generals Prentiss and Sherman 
each sent out reconnoitering parties to the front. Neither of 
these parties developed the enemy in force, but reported such 
evidences of cavalry that pickets of both divisions were doubled, 
and General Prentiss, being still apprehensive of attack, sent out 
at 3 o'clock Sunday morning three companies of the Twenty-fifth 

^ See maps of first and second days. 

187 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Missouri, under ]\Ia]or Powell of that regiment, to again recon- 
noiter well to the front. 

Major Powell inarched to the right and front, passing between 
the Phea and Seav fields, and at 4.55 a.m. struck Hardcastle's 
pickets and received their fire. The fire was returned by Powell 
and a sharp engagement was had between these outposts, contin- 
uing, as Hardcastle says, one hour and a half, until 6 :30 a.m., 
when he saw his brigade formed in liis rear, and fell back to his 
place in line. 

Wood's Brigade, advancing, drove Powell back to the Seay 
field, where he was reinforced by four companies of the Sixteenth 
Wisconsin, that had been on picket near by, and by five com- 
panies of the Twenty-first Missouri under Colonel Moore, who 
at once took connnand and sent back to camp for the remainder 
of his regiment. 

This force, fighting and retreating slowly, was reinforced at 
the southeast corner of the Phea field by all of Peabody's Bri- 
gade. Peabody succeeded in holding the Confederates in check 
until about 8 o'clock, when he fell back to the line of his camp, 
closely followed by Shaver's Brigade and the right of Wood's 
Brigade. 

While Peabody's Brigade was thus engaged, General Prentiss 
had advanced Miller's Brigade to the south side of Spain field, 
and placed Hickenlooper's Battery to the left and Munch's Bat- 
tery to the right of the Eastern Corinth road. In this position 
he was attacked by (lladden's Brigade and by the left of Chal- 
mers's Brigade, that had advanced to the front line. These Con- 
federate brigades, after a stubborn fight, in which Gladden was 
mortally wounded, drove Miller back to his line of camps at the 
same time that Peabody was driven back to his. In their several 
camps Prentiss formed his regiments again and was vigorously 
attacked by Gladden's and Shaver's Brigades, assisted on their 
left by a part of Wood's Brigade, and on the right by Chalmers. 

At 9 o'clock Prentiss was driven from his second position with 
the loss of the entire division camp, two guns of Hickenlooper's 
Battery, and many killed and wounded left on the field. Among 



188 




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H 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

the killed was Colonel Peabodv, the Commander of the First Bri- 
gade of Prentiss's Division. 

Wliile the rioht of Hardee's line was engaged with Prentiss 
his left had attacked the brigades of Hildebrand and Bnckland, 
of Sherman's Division. These brigades had formed in line in 
front of their camps and l)ehind Sliiloh Branch, Avith Barrett's 
Batterv at Shiloh Chnrch and AVaterhonse's Battery to the left, 
behind the camp of the Fifty-third Ohio. The Third Brigade of 
McClernand's Division was bronght np and formed in snpport of 
Sherman's left flank and of AVaterhouse's Battery. In the Coa- 
federate advance the left of Wood's Brigade had been slightly 
er"-"^'ed with the Fifty-third Ohio, which easily gave way, when 
AVood obli(jned to the right, to avoid Waterhonse's Battery, and, 
following Prentiss, passed the left flank of Hildebrand's Brigade, 
then left-wheeled to the attack of McClernand's Third Brigade. 
Clebnrne's Brigade, in attempting to cross the marshy gronnd of 
Shiloh Branch, received the concentrated fire of the Third and 
Fonrth Brigades of Sherman's Division, and after two or three 
unsnccessfnl efforts to dislodge them, in which his regiments lost 
very heavily — the Sixth Mississippi having over seventy per cent, 
killed and wounded — he was obliged to give place to Anderson's 
Brigade of Bragg's Corps, which was in like manner repnlsed 
with severe loss. Johnston's and Rnssell's Brigades of Polk's 
Corps now came np together, Rnssell on the right, overlapping 
Sherman's left, and Johnston to the left across the Corinth road. 
The reorganized ])arts of the brigades of Clebnrne and Anderson 
joining Rnssell and Johnston, the four brigades, assisted by 
Wood's Brigade, advanced, and at 10 o'clock drove Sherman's two 
brigades and the Third Brigade of McClernand's Division back 
across the Pnrdy road with the loss of three guns of Waterhouse's 
Batterv and of the camps of the three brigades. During the 
contest Confederate Generals Clark, commanding a division, and 
Johnston, commanding a brigade, were severely wounded, and 
Colonel Paith, commanding McClernand's Third Brigade, was 
mortally wounded. The capture of the tliree guns of Water- 
house's Battery is claimed by the Thirteenth Tennessee of Rus- 
sell's Brigade, and General Polk seems to concede the claim, 

191 



Indiana at Shiloh 

though it appears that several regiments were attacking the bat- 
tery from the front when the Thirteenth Tennessee moved by 
the right flank and, approaching the battery from its left rear, 
reached it before those from the front. General Vaughan, of 
the Thirteenth Tennessee, says that when his regiment reached 
these gnns a dead I'nion officer lay near them, and keeping guard 
over his body was a pointer dog that refused to allow the Con- 
federates to approach the body. 

Pond's Brigade of Bragg's Corps had engaged McDowell's Bri- 
gade, in conjunction with Anderson's attack on Buckland, and 
had succeeded in gaining the bridge at McDowell's right flank but 
had not become seriously engaged when Sherman ordered Mc- 
Dowell to retire and form junction with his Third and Fourth 
Brigades, which were then falling back from Shiloh Church. 
McDowell therefore abandoned his camp to Pond without a con- 
test. 

After the capture of Prentiss's camps, Chalmers's and Jack- 
son's Brigades from Bragg's Corps were ordered to the right to 
attack the extreme left of the Union line. Preceded by Clantoa's 
Cavalry, these brigades moved by the flank down the Bark road 
until the liead of the column was at the swampy grounds of Lick 
Creek; then, forming line of battle and placing Gage's and Girar- 
dey's Batteries upon the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, they 
compelled Stuart, who was without artillery, to leave his camp 
and form his lines to left and rear in the timber. Here he held 
Chalmers in a fierce fight until about 2 o'clock, when he fell 
back to the landing, abandoning the last of Sherman's camps. 
Jackson's attack, as he came across the creek, fell upon McAr- 
thur's Brigade, consisting of the ISlinth and Twelfth Illinois, sup- 
ported on the left by the Fiftieth Illinois and by Willard's Bat- 
tery in the rear. McArthur, in a stubborn contest in which the 
Ninth Illinois lost sixty per cent, of the men engaged, held his 
ground until Jackson was reinforced by Bowen's Brigade of 
Breckinridge's Corps, when McArthur fell back. 

When Sherman and Prentiss discovered that they were being 
attacked by the Confederates in force they asked reinforcements 
from the divisions in their rear. 

192 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

McClernand sent liis Third Brigade to reinforce Sherman's left, 
and Schwartz's Battery to assist Buckland. He then formed his 
First and Second Brigades along the Pittsburg road in front of 
his headquarters; Marsh's Brigade, with Burrows's Battery on 
the right; Hare's Brigade to the left behind the Eeview field; 
McAllister's Battery at the northwest corner of said field, and 
Dresser's Battery at Water Oaks Pond. On this line the Third 
Brigade rallied when it fell back from Sherman's line. 

Veatch's Brigade of Hurlbut's Division was sent to reinforce 
McClernand, a ad formed behind Burrows's Battery. Hurlbut 
marched his other brigades to the Peach Orchard and formed 
line of battle with Williams's Brigade facing south and Lauman's 
Brigade facing west; the batteries, Mann's, Ross's, and Myer's, 
all in the field behind the infantry. 

W. H. L. Wallace's First Brigade, commanded by Coloael 
Tuttle, moved out on the Eastern Corinth road and formed on the 
east side of the Duncan field in an old sunken road. McArthur's 
Brigade was disunited. The Eighty -first Ohio and the Fourteenth 
Missouri were sent to guard the bridge over Snake Creek; the 
Thirteenth Missouri to reinforce McDowell's Brigade, and Mc Ar- 
thur, in person, with the l\mih. and Twelfth Illinois and Willard's 
Battery, went to the support of Stuart and formed on his right 
rear, and at the left of Hurlbut's Division, just east of the Peach 
Orchard. Of Sweeny's Brigade, the Seventh and Fifty-eighth 
Illinois formed on Tuttle's right connecting it with McClernand's 
left. The Fiftieth Illinois was sent to Mc Arthur. The other reg- 
iments were held in reserve until about noon, when the Eighth 
Iowa formed on Tuttle's left to fill a gap between Wallace and 
Prentiss. The Fifty-seventh Illinois went to the extreme left, 
and the Fifty-second Illinois reported to McClernand at his sixth 
position just east of Tilghman Creek. Batteries D, H, and K, 
First Missouri Light Artillery, were placed along the ridge in rear 
of Tuttle. Prentiss rallied his broken division, not over eight hun- 
dred men, on Hurlbut's right, connecting it with Wallace's left. 

In the early morning, General Grant at Savannah heard the 
firing and directed General Nelson, of the Army of the Ohio, to 
inarcli his division along the east bank of the Tennessee to the 



(13) 



193 



Indiana at Shiloh 

point opposite Pittsburg. Then, Maving a request for General 
Buell to hurrv liis troops forward as rapidly as possible, lie has- 
tened by boat to join his army. Arriving upon the field at about 
the time that Prentiss was driven from his camp, he immediately 
dispatched orders to (leneral Lew Wallace to bring his division to 
the battlefield. There has ever since been a dispute as to the 
terms of this order and the time of its delivery. It is admitted 
that General Wallace received an order, and that he started his 
command at about 12 o'clock by a road leading into the Hamburg 
and Purdy road west of the bridge over Owl Creek on the right 
of Sherman's camps. This bridge was abandoned by McDowell 
and held by the Confederates at 10 o'clock. An aide from Gen- 
eral Grant overtook Wallace on this road about 3 o'clock and 
turned him back to the Savannah and Hamburg, or river road, by 
which he reached the battlefield about 7 o'clock p.m. 

In the movements of the Confederate troops in the morning 
Gibson's Brigade of Bragg's Corps had followed Shaver's Brigade 
and had halted just inside the line of camps. This had separated 
Gibson from Anderson by the length of a brigade; into this space 
Bragg directed Stephens's Brigade of Polk's Corps and it entered 
the line of camps in rear of Wood's Brigade. Stewart's Brigade, 
also of Polk's Corps, was sent to the right and entered the line of 
cam.ps in rear of Gladden's Brigade. 

When Prentiss was driven back General Johnston ordered his 
reserve into actidu by sending Trabue forward on the Pittsburg 
Landing road to Shiloh Church, while Bo wen and Statham were 
moved down the Bai-k road and formed line of battle south of the 
Peach Orchard to the left rear of Jackson and completing the line 
to where Gladden's Brigade, now commanded by Adams, was rest- 
ing near Prentiss's headquarters camp. 

Pollowing the capture of the guns of Waterhouse's Battery 
and the retreat of Sherman and Paith to the Purdy road. Wood's 
and Shaver's Brigades, with Swett's Battery, were ordered to left- 
wheel. Stewart's Brigade was sent by left flank along the rear of 
Peabody's camp to Wood's left, where three of the regiments took 
their place in line, while the Fourth Tennessee, supported by 
the Twelfth Tennessee, from Russell's Brigade, went into line 

194 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

between Wood's and Shaver's Brigades. Stanford's Battery took 
position in tlie camp of the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. Joining this 
force on its left were the somewhat disorganized brigades of Cle- 
burne, Anderson, Johnston, and Bussell. General Polk was per- 
sonally directing their movements and led them forward, without 
waiting for perfect organization, in pursuit of Sherman's retreat- 
ing brigades. This combined force of seven brigades moved to the 
attack of McClernand and Sherman in the second position along 
the Pittsburg and Purdy road. The right of this attacking force, 
extending beyond McClernand's left, became engaged with W. H. 
L. Wallace's troops near Duncan House, while Stephen's Brigade 
of Polk's Corps engaged the left of Tuttle's Brigade aad Pren- 
tiss's Division in the Hornets' ]^est. At the same time Gladden 
attacked Lauman on west side of the Peach Orchard. In these 
attacks Generals Hindman and Wood were disabled, and the 
Confederates in front of Wallace, Prentiss, and Lauman were 
repulsed. 

The attack upon McCUernnnd and Sherman was successful, and 
drove these connnands back to the center of Marsh's Brigade 
camp, where they made a short stand at what McClernand calls 
his third line, and 'then retired to the field at the right of that 
camp, to the fourth liae. The Third and Fourth Brigades of 
Sherman's Division retired to the landing, and his First Brigade, 
McDowell's, took position on McClernand's right. 

In the repulse of ]\[cClernand from his second and third line he 
had lost Burrow's entire battery of six guns, which was taken by 
Wood's Brigade ; also one gun of McAllister's Battery, taken by 
the Fourth Tennessee, and two guns of Schwartz's Battery and 
four guns of Dresser's Battery ; part of these, perhaps all, are 
claimed by the One Ilundvod and Fif<:y-fourth Tennessee. 

Rallying in camp of Hare's Brigade, McClernand, with McDow- 
ell's Brigade on his right, checked the Confederate advance, and 
then, by a united countercharge, at 12 o'clock, recovered his Sec- 
ond Brigade camp and his own head piarters, and caittured Cobb's 
Kentucky Battery. McClernand gives the Fleventh Iowa and the 
Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois the credit for the capture of this 
battery. In the forward movement the Sixth Iowa and the Forty- 

195 



Indiana at Shiloh 

sixth Ohio of JNIcDowell's Brigade, and Thirteenth Missouri of 
McArthur's Brigade, became engaged vnth Trabne's Confederate 
Brigade in a fierce battle, of which Trabue says : 

The combat here was a severe one. I fought the enemy an hour and a 
quarter, killing and wounding four hundred or five hundred of the Forty- 
sixth Ohio Infantry, as well as of another Ohio regiment, a Missouri regi- 
ment, and some Iowa troops. * * * i lost here many men and several 
officers. 

The number killed, wounded, and missing of the Forty-sixth 
Ohio at the Battle of Shiloh, both days, was two hundred forty-six. 
But of the three regiments opposed to Trabue there were five hun- 
dred ten killed, wounded, and missing ; most of them were doubt- 
less lost in this conflict. So that Trabue may not have seriously 
erred ia his statement. 

At the time that McClernand fell back from his second position, 
General Stewart took command of Wood's and Shaver's Brigades, 
and with the Fourth Tennessee of his own brigade moved to the 
right and renewed the attack upon Tuttle and Prentiss. Meeting 
a severe repulse he withdrew at 12 o'clock, with the Fourth Ten- 
nessee, to the assistance of the force in front of McClernand. At 
the same time Shaver's and Wood's Brigades retired for rest and 
ammunition, and Stephens's Brigade moved to the right and 
joined Breckinridge south of the Peach Orchard. 

General Bragg then brought up dibson's Brigade, which had 
been resting near Peabody's camp, and sent it in four separate 
charges against the position held by Prentiss and Tuttle. Gibson's 
Brigade was shattered in their useless charges and retired from 
the field. While Bragg was directing these several movements. 
Generals Polk and Hardee had renewed the attack upon McCler- 
nand and in a contest lasting two hours had driven liim back once 
more to the camp of his First Brigade, where he maintained his 
position until 2.30 p.m., when he fell back across the valley of 
Tilghman Creek to his sixth line, abandoning the last of his camps. 

About 12 o'clock General Johnston, having gotten his reserve 
in position south of the Peach Orchard, assumed personal com- 
mand of the right wing of his army and directed a combined for- 
ward movement, intending to break the Union left where Chal- 

196 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

mers and Jackson had been engaged since about 10 o'clock, in an 
unsuccessful fight with Stuart and McArthur. Bowen's Brigade 
was sent to support Jackson and was closely followed, en echelon 
to the left, by Stathani's, Stephens's and Gladden's Brigades in an 
attack upon Hurlbut in the Peach Orchard. Stuart, hard pressed 
by Chalmers and threatened on the flank by Clanton's Cavalry, 
was, as we have seen, the first to yield, and falling back left Mc Ar- 
thur's flank exposed, compelling him and Hurlbut to fall back to 
the north side of the Peach Oi-chard. As Hurlbut's First Brigade 
fell back, Lauman's Brigade on its right was transferred to the 
left of the division in support of McArthur. Hurlbut's Division 
as then formed stood at a right angle with the line of Prentiss and 
Wallace. 

At 2.30 P.M., while personally directing the movements of his 
reserve. General Johnston was struck by a niinie ball and almost 
instantly killed. The death of the Confederate Commander in 
Chief caused a relaxation of effort on that flanlc until General 
Bragg, hearing of Johnston's death, turned over the command at 
the center to General Buggies and, repairing to the right, assumed 
command, and again ordered a forward movement. 

General Buggies, having noted the ineffectual efforts of Bragg 
to break the Union center, determined to concentrate artillery 
upon that point. He therefore assembled ten batteries and a sec- 
tion, sixty-two guns, and placed them in position along the west 
side of the Duncan field and southeast of the Beview field. In 
support of these batteries he brought up portions of the brigades 
of CUbson, Shaver, Wood, Anderson and Stewart, with the Thir- 
tieth Tennessee and Crescent Begiment of Pond's Brigade, and 
once more attacked the position so stubbornly held by Wallace 
and Prentiss. The concentrated fire of these sixty-two guns drove 
away the Union batteries, but was not able to rout the infantry 
from its sheltered position in the old road. 

William Preston Johnston, in the Life of General Albert Sid- 
ney Johnston, gives this graphic description of the fighting at this 
point : 

' This portion of the Federal linos was oocupied by Wallace's Division 
and by the remnants of Prentiss's Division. Here, behind a dense thicket 

197 



Indiana at Shiloh 

on the crest of a hill, was posted a strong force of as hardy troops as ever 
fought, almost perfectly protected by the conformation of the ground. To 
assail it an open field had to be passed, enfiladed by the fire of its bat- 
teries. It was nicknamed by the Confederates by that very mild meta- 
phor, "The Hornets' Nest." No figure of speech would be too strong to 
express the deadly peril of an assault upon this natural fortress whose 
inaccessible barriers blazed for six hours with sheets of flame and whose 
infernal gates poured forth a murderous storm of shot and shell and 
musketry fire which no living thing could quell or even withstand. Brigade 
after brigade was led against it, but valor was of no avail. Hindman's 
brilliant brigades, which had swept everything before them from the field, 
were shivered into fragments and paralyzed for the remainder of the day. 
Stewart's regiments made fruitless assaults, but only to retire mangled 
from the field. Bragg now ordered up Gibson's splendid brigade; it made 
a charge, but like the others recoiled and fell back. Bragg sent orders to 
charge again. * * * Four times the position was charged. Four times 
the assault proved unavailing; the brigade was repulsed. About half past 
3 o'clock the struggle which had been going on for five hours with fitful 
violence was renewed with the utmost fury. Polk's and Bragg's Corps, 
Intermingled, were engaged in a death grapple with the sturdy commands 
of Wallace and Prentiss. * * * General Ruggles judiciously collected 
all the artillery he could find, some eleven batteries, which he massed 
against the position. The opening of so heavy a fire and the simultaneous 
advance of the whole Confederate line resulted first in confusion and then 
in defeat of Wallace and the surrender of Prentiss at about half past 5 
o'clock. Each Confederate Commander of division, brigade and regiment, 
as his command pounced upon the prey, believed it entitled to the credit 
of the capture. Breckinridge. Ruggles, Withers, Cheatham, and other 
divisions which helped to subdue these stubborn fighters each imagined 
his own the hardest part of the work. 

Generals Polk and Hardee, with the commingled commands of 
the Confederate left, had followed McClernand in his retreat 
across Tilghman Creek, and about 4 o'clock Hardee sent Pond 
with three of his regiments and Wharton's Cavalry to attack the 
Union position upon the east side of this creek. In this attack the 
Confederates were repulsed with heavy loss, the Eighteenth Lou- 
isiana alone losing forty-two per cent, of those engaged. Pond 
retired to the west side of the creek and took no further part in 
the action of Sunday. Trabue and Russell, with some other 
detachments, renewed the attack, and at 4.30 p.m. succeeded in 
driving McClernand and Veatch back to the Hamburg road, then 
wheeled to the right against the exposed flank of W. H. L. "Wal- 
lace's Division. At the same time Bragg had forced back the 

198 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Union left until McArthur and Hurlbnt, seeing that they were in 
danger of being cut off from the Landing, withdrew their forces, 
letting the whole of Bragg's forces upon the rear of Prentiss and 
Wallace, while Polk and Hardee were attacking them on their 
right flank and Ruggles was pounding them from the front. AVal- 
lace attempted to withdraw by the left flank, but in passing the 
lines, closing behind him, he was mortally wounded. Colonel 
Tuttle with two of his regiments succeeded in passing the lines, 
while four of Wallace's regiments Avith the part of Prentiss's Divi- 
sion, were completely surrounded, and, after an ineffectual effort 
to force their way back to the Landing, were compelled to sur- 
render at 5.30 P.M. The number of prisoners captured here and 
in i^revious engagements was 2,254 men and officers, about an 
equal nmnber from each division. General Prentiss and the mor- 
tally wounded General Wallace were both taken prisoners, but 
General Wallace was left on the field and was recovered by his 
friends next day, and died at Savanaah, Tennessee, four days 
later. 

During the afternoon, Colonel Webster, Chief of Artillery, on 
General Grant's Staff, had placed Madison's Battery of siege guns 
in position about a quarter of a mile out from the Landing, and 
then, as the other batteries came back from the front, placed them 
in position to the right and left of the siege guns. LIurlbut's Divi- 
sion, as it came back, was formed on the right of these guns; 
Stuart's Brigade on the left; parts of Wallace's Division and 
detached regiments formed in the rear and to the right of Hurl- 
but, connecting Math McClernand's left. McClernand extended 
the line to Hamburg and Savannah road and along that road 
to near McArthur's headquarters, where Buckland's Brigade of 
Sherman's Division, with three regiments of McArthur's Brigade, 
were holding the right which covered the bridge by which General 
Lew Wallace was to arrive on the field. 

About 5 o'clock Ammen's Brigade of Nelson's Division of the 
Army of the Ohio reached the field, the Thirty-sixth Indiana tak- 
ing position near the left in support of Stone's Battery. Two gun- 
boats, the Tyler and Lexington, were at the mouth of Dill Branch, 
just above the Landing. 

199 



Indiana at Shiloh 

After the capture of Prentiss an attempt was made to reorgan- 
ize the Confederate forces for an attack upon the Union line in 
position near the Landing. Generals Chalmers and Jackson and 
Colonel Trabue moved their commands to the right down the ridge 
south of Dill Branch until they came under fire of the Union bat- 
teries and gunboats, which silenced Gage's Battery, the only one 
with the command. Trabue sheltered his command on the south 
side of the ridge, while Chalmers and Jackson moved into the 
valley of Dill Braach and pressed skirmishers forward to the brow 
of the hill on the north side of the valley, but their exhausted 
men, many of them without ammunition, could not be urged to a 
charge upon the batteries before them. Colonel Deas, command- 
ing a remnant of Gladden's Brigade, formed with two hundred 
twenty-four men in the ravine on Jackson's left, and Anderson 
formed at the head of the ravine, where he remained ten or fifteen 
minutes, then he retired beyond range of the floating guns. Col- 
onel Lindsay, First Mississippi C/avalry, charged upon and cap- 
tured Ross's Battery as it was withdrawing from position near 
Hurlbut's headquarters, and then mth thirty or forty men crossed 
the head of L^ill Branch and attempted to charge another battery, 
but finding himself in the presence of an infantry force "managed 
to get back under the hill without damage." This cavalry and the 
skirmishers from Chalmers's and Jackson's Brigades were the 
only Confederate troops that came under musketry fire after the 
Prentiss and Wallace surrender. 

In the meantime General Bragg made an effort to get troops 
into position on the left of Pittsburg road, but before arrange- 
ments were completed night came on and General Beauregard 
ordered all the troops withdrawn. The Confederate troops sought 
bivouacs on the field, some occupying captured Union camps 
and some returning to their bivouac of Saturday night. General 
Beauregard remained near Shiloh Church. General Polk retired 
to his Saturday night camp. General Bragg was with Beaure- 
gard near the church, occupying General Sherman's headquarters 
camp. General Hardee and General Withers encamped with Col- 
onel Martin in Peabody's camp. Trabue occupied camps of the 
Sixth Iowa and Forty-sixth Ohio. Pond's Brigade alone of the 

200 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

infantry troops remained in line of battle confronting the Union 
line. 

The Union troops bivonaeked on their line of battle, extending 
from Pittsburg Landing to Snake Creek bridge, where the Third 
Division arrived after dark, occupying the line from McArthvir's 
headquarters to the lowlands of the creek. Thirteen hours the 
battle had raged over all parts of the field without a moment's 
cessation. The Union Army had been steadily forced back on 
both flanks. The camps of all but the Second Division had been 
captured, and position after position surrendered after the most 
persistent fighting and with great loss of life on both sides. Many 
regiments, and brigades even, of both armies had been shattered 
and had lost their organization. Detachments of soldiers and 
parts of companies and regiments were scattered over the field, 
some doubtless seeking in vain for their commands ; many caring 
for dead and w^ounded comrades ; others exhausted with the long 
conflict and content to seek rest and refreshment at any place that 
promised relief from the terrors of the battle. The fierceness of 
the fighting on Sunday is shown by the losses sustained by some of 
the organizations engaged. The Ninth Ulinois lost three hundred 
sixty-six out of six hundred seventeen. The Sixth Mississippi lost 
three hundred out of four hundred twenty-five. Cleburne's Bri- 
gade lost 1,013 out of 2,700, and the brigade was otherwise 
depleted until he had but eight hundred men in line Sunday night. 
He continued in the fight on Monday until he had only fifty-eight 
men in line, and these he sent to the rear for ammunition. 

Gladden's Brigade was reduced to two hundred tw^enty-four. 
The Fifty-fifth Illinois lost tw^o hundred seventy-five out of six 
hundred fifty-seven. The Twenty-eighth Illinois lost two hundred 
forty-five out of six hundred forty-two. The Sixth Iowa had fifty- 
two killed outright. The Third Iowa lost thirty-three per cent, of 
those engaged. The Twelfth Iowa lost in killed, wounded and 
prisoners ninety-eight per cent, of those present for duty. Only 
ten returned to camp and they wore stretcher-bearers. These are 
but samples ; many other regiments lost in about the same propor- 
tion. The loss of officers was especially heavy. Out of five Union 
Division Commanders one was killed, one wounded, and one cap- 

203 



Indiana at Shiloh 

tured; out of fifteen Brigade Coiunianders nine were on the list of 
casnalties, and ont of sixty-one Infantrv Regimental Commanders 
on the field thirty-three \vere killed, wonnded or missing, making 
a loss on Snnday of forty-fi^'e out of eighty-one Commanders of 
divisions, brigades, and regiments. The Confederate Army lost its 
Commander in Chief, killed ; two Corps Commanders wounded ; 
three out of five of its Division Commanders wounded ; four of its 
Brigade Commanders killed or wounded, and twenty out of sev- 
enty-eight of its Begimental Commanders killed or wounded. 
With such losses, the constant shifting of positions, and the length 
of time engaged, it ie not a matter to cause surprise that the Con- 
federate Army was reduced, as General Beauregard claims, to less 
than 20,000 men in line, and that these were so exhausted that 
they sought their l)ivouacs with little regard to battle lines, and 
that both armies lay down in the rain to sleep as best they could 
with very little thought, by either, of any danger of attack during 
the night. 

We find at Shiloh that with three exceptions no breastworks 
were prepared by either side on Sunday night. Of these excep- 
tions a Union battery near the Landing was protected by a few 
sacks of corn piled up in front of the guns ; some Confederate reg- 
iment arranged the fallen timber in front of Marsh's Brigade 
camj) into a sort of defensive work that served a good purpose the 
next day ; and Lieutenant Nispel, Company E, Second Illinois 
Light Artillery, dug a trench in front of his guns, making a slight 
earthwork, which may yet be seen, just at the right of the position 
occupied by the siege guns. He alone of all the officers on the 
field thought to use the spade, which was so soon to become an 
important weapon of war. 

During Sunday night the remainder of General Nelson's Divi- 
sion and General Crittenden's Division of the Army of the Ohio 
arrived upon the field, and early Monday morning the Union 
forces were put in motion to reaew the battle. General Critten- 
den's right rested on the Corinth road. General Nelson to his left, 
extending the line across Hamburg road. About 1,000 men^ 
from the Armv of the Tennessee extended the line to the over- 



^ 10 W R 295 and 338 (Colonel Grose says Fifteenth Illinois, but must be in error). 

204 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

flowed land of the Tennessee. Two brigades of General McCook's 
arriving on the field about 8 o'clock, formed on Crittenden's right, 
Rousseau's Brigade in front line and Kirk's in reserve. At 
McCook's right was Hurlbnt, then McClernand, then Sherman, 
then Lew Wallace, whose right rested on the swamps of Owl 
Creek. The Army of the Ohio formed with one regiment of each 
brigade in reserve, and v.ith Boyle's Brigade of Crittenden's Divi- 
sion as reserve for the whole. The remnant of W. PI. L. Wal- 
lace's Division, under conmiand of Colonel Tuttle, was also in 
reserve behind General Crittenden. 

The early and determined advance of the Union Army soon 
convinced General Beauregard that fresh troops had arrived. He, 
however, made his disposition as rapidly as possible to meet the 
advance by sending General Hardee to his right, General Bragg 
to his left. General Polk to left center, and General Breckinridge 
to right center, with orders to each to put the Confederate troops 
into line of battle without regard to their original organizations. 
These officers hurried their staff officers to all parts of the field 
and soon formed a line. Hardee had Chalmers on the right in 
Stuart's camps ; next to him was Colonel Wheeler in command of 
Jackson's old brigade ; then Colonel Preston Smith, with rem- 
nants of B. R. Johnson's Brigade ; Colonel Maney, with Stephens's 
Brigade. Then came Stewart, Cleburne, Statham and Martin, 
under Breckinridge ; Trabue, across the main Corinth road, just 
west of Duncan's, with Anderson and Gibson to his left under 
Polk. Then Wood, Russell, and Pond, under Bragg, finishing the 
line to Owl Creek. Very few brigades were intact ; the different 
regiments were hurried into line from their bivouacs and placed 
under the command of the nearest brigade officer, and were then 
detached and sent from one part of the field to another as they 
were needed to reinforce threatened points, until it is impossible 
to follow movements or determine just where each regiment was 
engaged. 

Monday's battle opened by the advance of General Lew Wal- 
lace's Division on the Union right, attacking Pond's Brigade in 
Hare's Brigade camp, and was continued on that flank by a left- 
wheel of Wallace, extending liis right until he had gained the 

205 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Confederate left flank. ISTelson's Division commenced his advance 
at daylight and soon developed the Confederate line of battle 
behind the Peach Orchard. Tie then waited for Crittenden and 
McCook to get into position, and then commenced the attack upon 
Hardee, in which he was soon joined by all the troops on the field. 
The fighting seems to have been most stubborn in the center, 
where Hazen, Crittenden, and McCook were contending with the 
forces under Polk and Breckinridge upon the same ground where 
W. H. L. AVallace and Prentiss fought on Sunday. 

The 20,000 fresh troops in the Union Army made the contest 
an unequal one, and, though stubbornly contested for a time, at 
about 2 o'clock General Beauregard ordered the withdrawal of his 
army. To secure the withdrawal he placed Colonel Looney, of the 
Thirty-eighth Tennessee, with his regiment, augmented by detach- 
ments from other reguiients, at Shiloh Church, directing him to 
charge the Union center. In this charge Colonel Looney passed 
Sherman's headquarters and pressed the Union line back to the 
Purdy road ; at the same time General Beauregard sent batteries 
across Shiloh Branch and placed tliom in battery on the high 
ground beyond. With these arrangements, Beauregard, at 4 
o'clock, safely crossed Shiloh Branch with his army and placed his 
rear guard under Breckinridge in line upon the ground occupied 
by his army on Saturday night. The Confederate Army retired 
leisurely to Corinth, while the Union Army returned to the camps 
that it had occupied before the battle. 

The losses of the two days' battle are summed up as follows : 





Killed. 


Wounded 

6,350 
251 


Missing 


Total. 




1,472 
41 


2,826 
4 


10,648 


General Lew Wallace's Division 


296 


Total Army of the Tennessee 

Army of the Ohio 


1,513 
241 


6,601 
1,807 


2,830 
55 


10,944 
2,103 






Grand total Union Array 

Confederate Army 


1.754 

1.728 


8,408 
8,012 


2.885 
959 


13,047 
10.699 


Total loss at Shiloh 


3,482 


16,420 


3,844 


23,746 







This gives a Confederate loss of twenty-four and one-third per 
cent, of those })resent for duty, and a loss in the five divisions of 

20o 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Grant's army present f<n- dnty Snnday of twenty-six and tliree- 
fonrths per cent. 

It is impossible to give losses of each day separately except 
as to general officers and regimental comnmnders. These are 
reported by name, and it is fonnd that casnalties among the 
officers of these grades are as follows : 

In live divisions of Grant's army, loss on Snnclay 45 

In tlie same divisions, loss on Monday - 

In Lew Wallace's Division, loss on Monday 

In tlie Army of the Ohio, loss on Monday 3 



Total loss general ofhcers and rciiimental commanders, Sunday and 

, r 1 50 

JNIonday 

In Confederate Armv. casualties u> officers of like grade, on Simday 

30 

^^■''i"e -,4 

In Confederate Army. Monday 

Total loss of general offic-rs aiul regimental commanders. Confed- 
erate Army 

No general pnrsnit of the Confederates was made. The orders 
of General Halleek forbade pnrsnit, so the Confederates were 
allowed to retire to Corintli while the Union Army occnpied itself 
in bnrying the dead ;;nd caring for the wounded nntil General 
Halleek arrived, who, assnndng command, inangnrated the ''ad- 
vance npon Corinth," in which the most conspicnous and leading 
part was played by the spade. 

DETAILED MOVEMENTS OF ORGANIZATIONS 

ARMY OF THE TENNESSEE 

On the 6th day of April, 1863, the Army of the Tennessee 
was encamped on the west bank of the Tennessee Eiver; the First, 
Second, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Di^dsions at Pittsbnrg Landing, 
with 39,830 officers and men in-esent for dnty ; the Third Division 
at Crump's Landing, with 7,564 officers and men present for duty. 

General Grant's headquarters was at Savannah, Tennessee, 
where he was waiting the arrival of General Bnell. While at 
breakfast early Sunday morning, April 6th, General Grant heard 

207 



Indiana at Shiloh 

heavy firing at Pittsburg Landing, and leaving orders for General 
ISTelson to move his division up the east bank of the river to Pitts- 
burg, General Grant and staff repaired to the battlefield, where 
he arrived at about 8 a.m. He visited each of his divisions at the 
front, and finding that the attack was by a large force of the 
enemy, he sent an order for his Third Division to hasten to the 
field and a request to (Jeneral Buell for reinforcements. The 
Army of the Tennessee was gradually driven back until at sunset 
it occupied a position extending from the Landing to Snake Creek 
bridge. In this position it repulsed an attack made by the Con- 
federates at 6 o'clock P.M. 

General Grant passed the night in bivouac with his troops, with- 
out shelter, and early next morning, reinforced by his Third Divi- 
sion and by (Jeneral Buell with three divisions of the Army of the 
Ohio, he renewed the battle, and at 4 p.m. had regained possession 
of the entire field. 

First Division 

(McClfruand's. ) 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four bat- 
teries of artillery, one battalion and two companies of cavalry, was 
ordered from Savannah to Pittsburg March 20, 1862, 'and went 
into camp across the main Corinth road about one-half mile east 
of Shiloh Church. On Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the divi- 
sion formed for battle with its Third Brigade thrown forward to 
support Sherman's left ; its First and Second Brigades along the 
Corinth rciad ; McAllister's Battery at the northwest corner of the 
RevicAv field ; Burrow's Battery at center of Second Brigade ; 
Dresser's Battery at Water Oaks Pond ; Schwartz's Battery, first 
to Sherman's right, then at the crossroads. The division was 
attacked at about !) a.m. and was driven from its position along the 
Corinth road at about 11 a.m. with the loss of Burrow's Battery, 
one gun of McAllister's Battery, and one gun of Schwartz's Bat- 
tery. It made its next stand at right angles to the center of its 
Second Brigade camp, where Dresser's Battery lost four guns. 
The division then retired to its fourth line, in the camp of its 
First Brigade, where it rallied and in a countercharge drove the 

208 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Confederates baek and recovered the whole of the camp of the 
Second Brigade and McClernand's headquarters, and captured 
Cobb's Kentucky Battery at 12 m. It held this advance but a 
short time, when it was driven slowly back until at 2 p.m. it was 
again in the field of its First Brigade camp, where it held its fifth 
line until 2.30 p.m. It then retired across Tilghman Creek to its 
sixth line, at "Cavalry Field,'' where at 4.30 p.m. it repulsed a 
charge made by Pond's Brigade and Wharton's Cavalry, and then 
retired to the Hamburg and Savannah road, where, v/ith its left 
thrown back, it bivouacked Sunday night. 

It advanced ]\Ionday morning over the same ground where it 
fought on Sunday, and at 4 p.:\r. reoccupied its camps on the field. 

First Brigade 
(Hare's. ) 

This brigade of four regiments, forming the right of the First 
Division, was encamped in Jones's field. It moved from its camp 
at about 8 a.m., April (*., 1862, by the left flank and formed in line 
of battle on the ridge between the Review field and the Corinth 
road, its left in edge of Duncan field, in the following order from 
left to right: Eighth Illinois, Eighteenth Illinois, Thirteenth 
Lowa. The Eleventh Iowa, detached from the brigade, formed 
still farther to the right, supporting Dresser's Battery at the 
Water Oaks Pond. 

In this position the three left regiments were attacked about 
10 A.M. by Shaver's Brigade of Hardee's Corps, and at 11 a.m. 
were driven back across the Corinth road, the left behind the 
north side of Duncan field. This position was held until McCler- 
nand advanced and recovered his camp at noon. These regiments 
then retired with the division, the Thirteenth Iowa participating 
in the repulse of Wharton's Cavalry on sixth line at 4.30. Here 
Colonel Hare was wounded, and Colonel M. M. Crocker, Thir- 
teenth Iowa, took command of the brigade and conducted the 
three regiments to bivouac near the Fourteenth Iowa camp. The 
Eleventh Iowa, in su})port of Dresser's Battery, fell back to the 
third and fourtli lines with its division, and in the rally and recov- 
ery of camps it captured a standard from the enemy, and in con- 

(14) 20!) 



Indiana at Shiloh 

junction with the Eleventh and Twentieth Illinois captured Cobb's 
Battery. The regiment then fell back and at night was, still sup- 
porting the two remaining guns of Dresser's Battery, in position 
at the left of the siege guns. 

On Monday this brigade was attached to Tuttle's command, 
which served as a reserve for General Crittenden's Division, 
Army of the Ohio, until about 3 p.m., when it was ordered to the 
front and charged the enemy southwest of Keview field, the 
Eighth and Eighteenth Illinois each capturing one gun from the 
enemy. 

Second Brigade 
(Marsh's.) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped, with its left in 
Woolf field, in the following order of regiments from left to 
right: Forty-fifth Illinois, Eorty-eighth Illinois, Twentieth Illi- 
nois, Eleventh Illinois. It formed line of battle on its parade 
ground Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, and at about 8 a.m. 
moved out, first to the front, but immediately afterwards to the 
left, and formed along the Corinth road, its left at the northwest 
corner of the Review field, its right near the crossroads, Burrow's 
Battery at the center. 

In this position the brigade was fiercely attacked by Wood's 
Brigade of Hardee's Corps and Stewart's Brigade of Polk's Corps. 
It withstood the attack from about 10 a.m. to 11 a.m., when it fell 
back about seven hundred yards and reformed at right angles to 
the center of its camp. It held this position for a short time and 
then fell back to Jones's field, where it rallied and in conjunction 
with other troops recaptured its camp at about noon. In this 
advance the Twentieth and Eleventh Illinois, assisted by the 
Eleventh Iowa, captured Cobb's Confederate Battery. The bri- 
gade retained possession of parts of its camp for about two hours, 
retiring slowly to Jones's field, where it was engaged until 2.30 
P.M., whea it fell back to Hamburg and Savannah road, where its 
three left regiments united with the Third Brigade and biv- 
ouacked near the siege guns, and was in reserve on Monday. The 
The Eleventh Illinois, reduced to a Captain and eighty men, biv- 

210 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

oiiacked acar the siege gnus, and Avas in reserve on .Afonday. The 
Twentieth, Forty-fifth and Forty-eighth fornicd a part of Marsh's 
command on Monday and advanced nearly we.^t, recovering their 
camps at about 3 p.m. 

Third Brigade 
(Raith's.) 

This brigade of four regiments was camped along the irand)urg 
and Piirdy road, its right near the left of the Second Brigade, in 
the following order from left to right: Forty-ninth Illinois, 
Forty-third Illinois, Twenty-ninth Illinois, Seventeenth Illinois. 

Colonel Rearden, senior officer present, l)eing sick, Colonel 
Eaith was informed, after his regiment was in line of battle, that 
he was to command the brigade. Under orders from the Division 
Commander, he moved the right of his brigade forward to Shiloh 
Church to the support of Sherman's left. In this position the bri- 
gade was attacked about !» a.m., April 6, 1802, on its left flank by 
Wood and Stewart and in front by Russell and Johnston, and was 
driven slowly back to the crossroads, where it joined the right of 
the Second Brigade. Here the Seventeenth and Forty-third, 
wdiile supporting Schwartz's Battery, were subjected to a cross- 
fire of artillery and lost heavily. Colonel Raitli was mortally 
wounded. The Forty-third was surrounded and cut its way out, 
losing forty-three men killed, that were buried in one trench near 
the crossroads. Lieutenant Colonel Wood, who succeeded to the 
command of the brigade, did not hold his brigade intact. The 
Seventeenth' and Forty -third rallied at McClernand's third line 
and again at his fourth position, where they were joined by the 
Forty-ninth. The Seventeenth and Forty-ninth then retired to 
Hamburg and Savannah road. The Forty-third was engaged in 
the advance and retaking of the camp at noon, and then joined the 
Seventeenth and Forty-ninth at Hamburg and Savannah road, 
where the three regiments were engaged at 4.30 p.m., and biv- 
ouacked Sunday night. On Monday these regiments joined 
Marsh's command and served with him until the enemy retired 
from the field. The Twenty-ninth was engaged at Cavalry field 
in resisting Pond's attack at 4.30 p.>r., after which it retired to 

211 



Indiana at Shiloh 

the siege guns, where it remained Sunday night and Monday. 
McAllister's Battery lost one gun at the northwest corner of 
Review field, and was afterwards engaged in McClernand's fifth 
and sixth positions, and at the Landing at 6 p.m., and on Monday 
with Marsh's Brigade. 

Second Division 
(W. H. L. Wallace's.) 
This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, four bat- 
teries of artillery, and four companies of cavalry, was commanded 
by Brigadier General C. F. Smith until April 2, 1862, when,^on 
account of Smith's disability. Brigadier General W. H. L. Wal- 
lace was assigned to the command. 

The division arrived at Pittsburg Landing March 18th and 
established its camp near the river between the Corinth road and 
Snake Creek. It formed at 8 o'clock Sunday morning, April 6th, 
when the Lirst and Second Brigades and three batteries were con- 
ducted by Wallace to a position on Corinth road just east of Dun- 
can field, where Tuttle's Brigade was formed south of the road, 
and two regiments of Sweeny's Brigade on the north side of the 
road. The other regiments of Sweeny's Brigade were held in 
reserve for a time and then distributed to different parts of the 
field. McArthur's Brigade was detached from the division and 
served on other parts of the field. Batteries D, H and K, First 
Missouri Light Artillery, were placed on a ridge behind Tuttle's 
Brigade. In this position Wallace was attacked at about 9.30 a.m. 
by Shaver's Brigade, assisted by artillery located in the Review 
fidd. At 10.30 A.M. the attack was renewed by Shaver, Stephens 
and Stewart, followed at noon by four determined attacks by Gib- 
son's Brigade. General Ruggles then took charge of the Confed- 
erate forces in front of Wallace and assembled ten batteries and 
two sections of artillery on the west side of Duncan field, and sent 
Wood, Anderson, Stewart and Cleburne to reinforce Shaver in a 
renewed attack upon AA^allace's front. At the same time the 
Union forces on Wallace's right and left retired, allowing the 
enemy to gain his flanks and rear. Seeing that he was being sm-- 
rounded, Wallace sent his batteries to the rear and then attempted 

212 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

to move his infantry out by the flank along the Pittsburg road. 
While riding at the head of his troops and near the fork of the 
Eastern Corinth road he received a mortal wound and was left for 
dead upon the field. When that part of the field was recovered 
on Monday General Wallace was found to be alive. He was 
taken to Savannah, where he died on the 10th. Four regiments 
of the division did not receive orders to retire in time to save 
themselves and were surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. The 
remainder of the division, under the command of Colonel Tuttle, 
retired to the right of the siege guns, where the troops remained 
in line Sunday night. 

On Monday the infantry commanded by Tuttle acted as reserve 
to Crittenden's Division of the Army of the Ohio until about 
noon, when it advanced to the front line on Crittenden's right and 
participated in all the after battles of the day. 

Battery A, First Illinois Light Artillery, served with Mc Ar- 
thur's Brigade on Sunday and had three guns in action with Sher- 
man on Monday. The three Missouri batteries, when they retired 
from Wallace's line at 5 p.m., reported to Colonel Webster near 
the Landing and were put in line, where they assisted in repelling 
the last Confederate attack on Sunday. They were not engaged 
on Monday. 

First Brigade 
(Turtle's.) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped near the river 
north of the Corinth road. It moved to the front Sunday morn- 
ing, April 6, 1862, by the Eastern Corinth road. When near the 
southeast corner of Duncan field Colonel Tuttle, riding at the 
head of his brigade, discovered the enemy in the woods beyond 
the field. He at once turned the head of his brigade to the right 
and threw his regiments into line in an old road behind Duncan 
field in the following order from left to right : Fourteenth Iowa, 
Twelfth Iowa, Seventh Iowa, Second Iowa, the right reaching to 
the Corinth road, the left extending one regiment beyond, or 
south of. Eastern Corinth road ; the three right regiments behind 
a field ; the left regiment behind a dense thicket. About 0.30 a.m. 

215 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Confederate batteries opened fire upon the brigade. This was 
soon followed by infantry attack coming through the thick brush 
on the left. At about 10.30 A.:\r. Stephens's Brigade made an 
attack tlirough the field. lie was repulsed when he reached the 
middle of the field. This was closely followed by a second attack 
by Stephens, assisted by General Stewart, commanding Hindman's 
Division. About noon Gibson's Brigade was sent against Tuttle's 
position, and made four tletermined but unsuccessful charges, 
lasting until after 2 p.m., when it withdrew and Shaver made his 
third attack, in which Lieutenant Colonel Dean of the Seventh 
Arkansas was killed within a few yards of the front of the Four- 
teenth Iowa. General liuggles then assembled sixty-two pieces 
of artillery on the west side of Duncan field and concentrated 
their fire upon Tuttle and the batteries in his rear. At the same 
time Ruggles sent Wood, Anderson and Stewart to reinforce 
Shaver in a renewed attack at the front. AVhile meeting this 
attack Tuttle was ordered, at 5 p.m., to withdraw his brigade. He 
gave personal direction to the Second and Seventh Iowa and with 
them retired to the right of Hurlbut's Division, near the siege 
guns, where he assumed conunand of the remnant of the Second 
Division and formed his line near the camp of the Fourteenth 
Iowa. The staff officer sent by Tuttle to order the Twelfth and 
Fourteenth Iowa to fall back directed the commanding officers of 
those regiments to "about face and fall back slowly." Marching 
by the rear rank about two hundred yards, these regiments en- 
countered Confederate troops across their line of retreat. These 
they engaged and forced back to the camp of Hurlbut's First Bri- 
gade, where the Confederates were reinforced and the two regi- 
ments, together with two from the Third Brigade and a part of 
Prentiss's Division, were surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. 
The Fourteenth Iowa surrendered to the jSTinth Mississippi of 
Chalmer's Brigade, which had occupied the extreme right of the 
Confederate army. The Twelfth Iowa surrendered to Colonel 
Looney, of the Thirty-eighth Tennessee, Pond's Brigade, from the 
extreme left of the Confederate Army. 

The Second and Seventh Iowa were with Tuttle's command on 
Monday in reserve to General Crittenden. During the day the 

216 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Second Iowa was sent to reinforce Xelson's left and in a charge 
across a field defeated an attempt of the enemy to turn the left of 
the Army of the Oliio. Later the Seventh Iowa charged a battery 
in Crittenden's front. 

Second Brigade 
(McArthur's.) 

This brigade, composed of five regiments, the jSTinth and 
Twelfth Illinois, Thirteenth and Fourteenth Missouri, and the 
Eighty-first Ohio, was encamped on llaml)urg and Savannah road 
near Snake Creek. The first order to the brigade Sunday morn- 
ing, April 6, 1SG2, disunited its regiments and sent them to dif- 
ferent parts of the field, and they were not united again until 
after the battle was over. 

The Thirteenth j\[issouri went to Sherman ; the Fourteenth Mis- 
souri and Eighty-first Ohio to guard Snake Creek bridge. General 
McArthur, with the Xintli and Twelfth Illinois and AVillard's 
Battery, moved directly south along the Hamburg road to the 
support of Colonel Stuart. Finding that Stuart had moved to 
the left rear of his camps, McArthur formed his command to 
Stuart's right rear just east of the Peach Orchard, the Ninth 
Illinois on the right next to Hamburg road ; the Twelfth Illinois 
to its left ; Willard's Battery in rear of the Xintli. In this position 
McArthur sustained himself against Jackson's Brigade until about 
2 P.M., when Bowen, from Besevve Corps, was sent to reinforce 
Jackson. Under this combined attack McArthur was compelled 
to fall back. The Xinth Illinois, having lost fifty-eight per cent, 
of men engaged, retired to camp for ammunition and repairs. It 
was again engaged near its camp at 4.30 p.m., and then joined 
Tuttle's command at the Fourteenth Iowa camp, and served with 
him on Monday. The Twelfth Illinois fell back to a second posi- 
tion where it joined the Fiftieth and Fifty-serenth Illinois and 
was engaged until about 4 p.m., when it retired to its camp and 
passed the night. On Monday it was engaged witli ^IcClernand's 
command. 

The Fourteenth Missouri was engaged Sunday in a skirmish 
with Brewer's Cavalry on the right of Union b'n(\ On Monday 

217 



Indiana at Shiloh 

it joined the Third Division and supported Thompson's Battery. 
The Eighty-first Ohio remained on guard at Snake Creek bridge 
until 3 P.M. It then moved south to Hurlbut's headquarters, 
where it was engaged in the 4.30 conflict on Hamburg road. It 
bivouacked on McClernand's left Sunday night and served with 
Marsh's command on Monday. The Thirteenth Missouri joined 
McDowell's Brigade on Sunday and was engaged with it in the 
conflict with Trabue at noon. It bivouacked Sunday night near 
the Ninth Illinois camp and joined Sherman on Monday. General 
McArthur was wounded on Sunday and was succeeded in com- 
mand by Colonel Morton, of the Eighty-first Ohio. 

Third Bfigade 
(Sweeny's. ) 

This brigade was composed of the Eighth Iowa and the Seventh, 
Fiftieth, Eift^^-second, Fifty-seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois. It 
was encamped between the First and Second Brigades and fol- 
lowed the First Brigade Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, on the 
Corinth road to the Eastern Corinth road, where it halted in 
reserve. The Fifty-eighth and Seventh Illinois were at once 
moved forward to Duncan field, where they formed at 9.30 a.m., 
on north side of the Corinth road, prolonging Tuttle's line and 
connecting Avith McClernand's left. Soon after, the Fiftieth Illi- 
nois was detached and sent to the left, where it became engaged 
on Mc Arthur's left. It fell back with the Twelfth Illinois to a 
position east of the Bloody Pond, where it was joined at about 
3 p.]\i. by the Fifty-seventh Illinois. These regiments held their 
position on the left of the army until 4 p.m., when they fell back 
and supported Stone's Battery near the Landing in the last action 
of the day. About noon the Eighth Iowa was put in line between 
Tuttle and Prentiss, where it supported Hickenlooper's Battery 
until 5 P.M. The Fifty-second Illinois was sent, about 3 p.m., to 
the right. As it was moving down Tilghman Creek, it ran into 
Wharton's Cavalry, which was moving up the creek. A few 
volleys were exchanged by the head of the column, then the 
Fifty-second moved to the camp of the Fifteenth Illinois and 
was there engaged in repelling Pond's 4.30 p.m. attack. It then 

218 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

retired to the siege guns. The Seventh and Fifty-eighth Illinois, 
on Tuttle's right, and the Eighth Iowa, on his left, participated 
in all the engagements described in the account of Tuttle's Bri- 
gade until 4 P.M., when the Seventh retired to McClernand's 
seventh line. The Eighth Iowa and the Fifty-eighth Illinois were 
surrounded and captured at the same time that Prentiss was cap- 
tured. Colonel Sweeny was wounded on Sunday and was suc- 
ceeded on Monday by Colonel Baldwin, Fifty-seventh Illinois. 

Third Division 

(Lew Wallace's. ) 

This division, composed of three brigades of infantry, two bat- 
teries of artillery and two battalions of cavalry, was encamped 
north of Snake Creek; the First Brigade at Crump's Landing; 
the Second Brigade at Stony Lonesome ; the Third Brigade at 
Adamsville. Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, hearing sounds of 
battle up the river. General Wallace ordered his command to 
concentrate at Stony Lonesome, where, at 11.30 a.m., he received 
orders from General Grant, directing him to join the right of 
the army then engaged on the south side of Snake Creek. At 
12 M., leaving two regiments and one gun to guard the public 
property at Crump's Landing, General Wallace started with his 
First and Second Brigades for the battlefield by the Shunpike 
road, which led to the right of Sherman's Division as formed for 
battle in the morning. 

At about 2.30 p.m. a staff officer from General Grant overtook 
General Wallace on this road and turned him back to the River 
road, by which, the Third Brigade having fallen into column, his 
division reached the battlefield after the action of Sunday was 
over. 

The division bivouacked in line of battle, facing west along 
the Savannah road north of McArthur's headquarters ; the First 
Brigade on the left, with Thompson's Battery on its right; the 
Second Brigade in the center ; the Third Brigade on the right, 
with Thurber's Battery at its center. 

At daylight Monday morning, April 7, 1862, the batteries of 
the division engaged and dislodged Ketchum's Confederate Bat- 

21!l 



Indiana at Shiloh 

terv. ])ostod in the camp of the Eighth Illinois. At 6:30 a.m. 
the division, its right on Owl Creek, advanched en echelon of 
brigades, left in front, crossed Tilghman Creek, and drove the 
Confecleratos from their position at Oglesby's headquarters. 
Then wheeling to the left against the left flank of the enemy, 
it advanced fighting, until at 4 p.:\r. it had pushed the Confederates 
through the Union camps and l)eyond Shiloh Branch. Near 
nightfall the division retired under orders to General Shennan's 
camps, where it bivouacked Monday night. 

First Brijadc 
(Smith's.) 

This brigade was encamped at Crump's Landing. It moved out 
two and one-half miles on Purdy road to Stony Lonesome and 
joined the Second Brigade early Sunday morning, April 6, 1S62. 
At 12 M. it started for Shiloh by a road leading southwesterly 
toward the right of Sherman's camps. At about 2.30 p.m. the 
brigade was countermarched to the Adamsville and Pittsburg 
road, by which it reached the battlefield about dark and biv- 
ouacked in front of the camp of the fourteenth Missouri. On 
Monday the brigade formed in Perry field, near McArthur's head- 
quarters ; the Twenty-fourth Indiana on the left, the Eleventh 
Indiana on the right, and the Eighth Missouri in reserve. At 
about 6.30 a.m. it advanced across Tilghman Creek and at 8 a.m. 
entered the field of Hare's Brigade camp. It crossed said field 
in a southwesterly direction, driving back the Confederate forces, 
thence through the Crescent field and to McDowell's Brigade 
camp, where it bivouacked Monday night. Losses during the day, 
eighteen killed and one hundred fourteen wounded. The Twenty- 
fourth Indiana lost its Lieutenant Colonel, one Captain, and one 
Lieutenant killed. 

Second Brigade 
(Thayer's.) 

This brigade, consisting of the Twenty-third Indiana, First 
Nebraska, Fifty-eighth Ohio and Sixty-eighth Ohio was encamped 
at Stony Lonesome, two and one-half miles from the Tennessee 

220 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

River, on the Piinly rojul. 'Hie 8ixt_v-('iu,litli Ohio was detailed 
to guard the bag-giiiio, iiml the other rogiinoiits of the brigade 
followed the First P>rigade in its march toward Shiloh April 6, 
1862. It counteriiiarched, from a ]ioiiit four and one-half niik^s 
out, to the Adamsville and Pittsburg i-oad, aiul thence via River 
road to the battlefield, whore it arrived after dark and bivouacked, 
in line of battle, at the right of the First Brigade. Monday 
morning it formed en eeliehm in right rear of the First Brigade, 
the First Nebraska on the left, tlie Twenty-third Indiana on the 
right, and the Fifty-eighth Ohio in reserve. It followed the 
movements of the First Brigade tlirongh tlic day and bivouacked 
at night in the camp of the Forty-sixth Ohio. 

'ihird Bi'i<j<i(le 

(Wliittlesey's. ) 

This brigade of four Ohio regiments, to wit, the Twentieth, 
Fifty-sixth, Seventy-sixth an<l Seventy-eighth, was encamped at 
Adamsville, four miles from C/rump's. It formed in line early 
Sunday morning, April G, 1S62, when tiring was heard at Shiloh, 
with all its camp equipage on wagons, and remaiiie(l in line until 
2 P.M., when orders were received to join tlie other brigades en 
route for Shiloh. It marched on direct r(tad toward Pittsburg, 
falling in behind the other l)rigades as they came back into that 
road from the countermarch. At about 4 i'.:vi. the Fifty-sixth 
was detached and ordered to go with baggage to Crumji's Land- 
ing. The other regiments arrived on the battlefield after dai'k 
and bivouacked in front of the camj) of the Eighty-first Ohio. 
Monday morning the brigade fornie(l the extreme right of Union 
line, its right, the Seventy-sixth, on the swamps of Owl Creek, the 
Seventy-eighth on the left in rear of the right of the Second Bri- 
gade, the Twentieth in reserve, until it crossed Tilghman Creek, 
when it took position on the right. Ifetaining this formation the 
brigade advanced, swinging to the left until 11 a.m., when it was 
transferred to left of the division in support of Stuart's Brigade 
of Sherman's Division. I'he Seventy-sixtli renuiined on the left, 
the other regiments soon retui-ned to the right, the Twentieth in 

221 



Indiana at Shiloh 

front line, the Seventy-eighth in reserve. The hast engagement by 
this brigade was between the Twentietli Ohio, in the field near 
McDowell's headquarters, and Confederates at camp of Forty- 
sixth Ohio. The brigade bivouacked in camp of Sixth Iowa Mon- 
day night. 

Fourth Division 

(Hurlbut's. ) 
Tliis division, composed of three brigades of infantry, three bat- 
teries of artillery and two battalions of cavalry, arrived at Pitts- 
burg Landing on boats March 16, 1862. On 'the 18th it disem- 
barked and established its camps about one mile from the river, 
near the point where the Hamburg and Savannah road crosses the 
road from Pittsburg to Corinth. 

The division was formed about 8 o'clock, Sunday morning, 
April 6, 1862, and soon after the Second Brigade was sent to re- 
inforce General McClernand. 

The First and Third Brigades, with the artillery, moved out to 
the support of Prentiss's Division, but finding that Prentiss was 
falling back, Hurlbut put his division in line at the Peach Orchard 
field, the First Brigade on the south side, the Third Brigade on the 
west side, the batteries in the field. In this position he was 
attacked by Chalmer's and Gladden's Brigades, which were fol- 
lowing Prentiss's Division, and by Pvobertson's, Harper's and 
Girardey's Batteries, which were stationed in Prentiss's camps. 
A shell from one of these batteries blew up a caisson belonging to 
Myers's Thirteenth Ohio Battery ; the men stampeded, abandon- 
ing their guns, and were not again in action at Shiloh. 

Mann's Battery fought with the division all day, and again on 
Monday. Ross's Battery did excellent service until ordered to 
fall back at 4- p.m., and was preparing to retire to the Landing 
when it Avas charged by Lindsay's Mississippi Cavalry and cap- 
tured. Only two guns were saved. 

Hurlbut held his position on two sides of the Peach Orchard 
until about 1.30 p.m., when he was attacked by Breckinridge's 
Corps. Finding that Stuart Avas falling back on the left, Hurlbut 
retired to the north side of the field with his First Brigade, and 



00-7 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

transferred his Third Brigade from the rio'ht to the left flank. 
Here he maintained himself nntil 8 p.m., wlien he was ag-ain 
obliged to retire to the left of his camps. Abont 4 p.:\r. he found 
that his left was again being turned and fell back to the siege guns 
and reformed. The Second Brigade rejoined the division and all 
participated in the final action of the day. The division biv- 
ouacked in line of battle in front of the siege guns, and on Monday 
the First and Second Brigades and Mann's Battery formed on 
McClernand's left ; the Third Brigade reported to Sherman. All 
were engaged until the Confederates retired from the field. 

First Brigade 
(Williams's.) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamped across the Corinth 
road, one and one-fourth miles from the river. On Sunday morn- 
ing, April 6, 1862, at about 8 o'clock, it moved out on the Ham- 
burg road and formed line of battle along the south side of the 
Peach Orchard field in the following order from left to right : 
Forty-first Illinois, Twenty-eighth Hlinois, Thirty-second Hlinois, 
Third Iowa. In this position it was attacked by skirmishers from 
Chalmers's Brigade and by artillery fire, by which Colonel Wil- 
liams was disabled and the command of the brigade passed to Col- 
onel Pngh, Forty-first Illinois. Chalmers's Brigade was with- 
drawn and Colonel Pugh retired his brigade to the center of the 
field, where he was attacked at about 1.30 p.m. by Statham's and 
Stephens's Brigades, and at 2.30 was driven back to the north side 
of the field. The Thirty-second Illinois was transferred to the 
left of the brigade east of ITambnrg road, and lost its Lieutenant 
Colonel Ross, killed. As the left of the line was driven back, 
Colonel Pugh again fell back to the Wicker field, where he held 
his line until 4 p.:m., when the brigade retired, under Hurlbut's 
orders, to a position near the siege guns, where it remained Sun- 
day night. The Third Iowa, occupying the right of Hurlbut's 
line, connected with Prentiss and remained until about 5 p.m., 
then retired through its camp and along Pittsburg road just before 
the Confederates closed their line behind Prentiss. Major Stone, 
commanding the regiment, was captured ; other casualties of the 

9.70 



Indiana at Shiloh 

day among the officers left the regiment in command of Lieuten- 
ant Crosley. He joined his command to tlie Thirteentli Iowa in 
the hist action of the dav, and then reported to liis Brigade Com- 
mander. He commanded the regiment, in action with his brigade, 
the next day. 

On Monday the brigade formed on McClernand's left and was 
engaged until noon. 

Second Brigade 
(Veatch's. ) 
Tins brigade, of four regiments, was encamped across the Ilam- 
bui-g and Sarannah road, north of the Corinth road. It was sent 
April 6, 1862, to reinforce McClernand, and moved out along the 
Corinth road and formed in line behind Marsh's Brigade at about 
9 A.M. in the following order from left to right: Twenty-fifth 
Indiana, Fourteenth Illinois, Forty-sixth Illinois, Fifteenth Illi- 
nois. It became engaged at about 10.30 a.m., and at 11 a.m was 
compelled to retire. The Twenty-fifth Indiana and Fourteenth 
Illinois fell back two hundred yards, changing front to rear on 
left companies, and formed along the road that runs from Be view 
field past McClernand's headquarters. A little later they retired 
to the right of Hare's Brigade, where they held their position 
until after noon, wlien they fell back to McClernand's sLxth line, 
where tliey were engaged in Bond's repulse at 4.30 a.m., after 
Avhicli they joined Hurlbut in his last position on Sunday. 

The Fifteenth Illinois lost all its field officers and several Cap- 
tains at first position and retired at 11 a.m. to the Jones field, 
where it was joined by the Forty-sixth Illinois in supporting Bar- 
rett's Battery. These two regiments joined McDowell's left in the 
advance at 12 m. and continued in line until 1 p.m., when they 
retired— the Fifteenth Blinois to join Hurlbut, the Forty-sixth 
Illinois to its camp for dinner ; later the Forty-sixth joined Marsh's 
command on the Hamburg road and assisted in the final action of 
the day and was with Marsh's command on Monday. The Four- 
teenth and Fifteenth IlHnois and Twenty-fifth Indiana, under Col- 
onel Veatch, formed the left of the Army of the Tennessee on 
Monday and joined :\IcCook's right until about 11 a.m., when they 

224 



15) 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

crossed the Corinth road near Duncan's and were engaged in 
Review field and in front line until 4 p.m. 

Third Brigade 
(Lauman's. ) 

This brigade had formerly belonged to the Army of the Ohio, 
where it was known as Craft's Brigade. It was sent from that 
army to reinforce Grant at Fort Donelson and had remained with 
the Ariny of the Tennessee. General Lauman was assigned to the 
command April 5, 1862. Its camp was on the south side of Dill 
Branch, its right at the Hamburg road. About 8 a.m. Sunday, 
April 6, 1862, it moved out to the west side of the Peach Orchard 
field and formed line with its right in the woods near the head 
of Tilghman Creek. The order of its regiments from left to 
right was : Seventeenth Kentucky, Twenty-fifth Kentucky, Forty- 
fourth Indiana, Thirty-first Indiana. About 9 a.m. it was attacked 
through the timber on its right by Gladden's Brigade, closely fol- 
lowed in succession by attacks, upon its whole line, by Stephen's 
Brigade and the right of Gibson's Brigade. One of the features 
of the battle at this place was the burning of the leaves and brush 
in the woods where the wounded were lying. 

About 2 P.M. the brigade was transferred to the left and formed 
in open woods just east of the Hamburg road, the Thirty-first 
Indiana in reserve on left flank. This position was held until 
about 4 P.M., when the brigade retired with its division to the siege 
guns. After the action for the day had closed it moved one hun- 
dred fifty yards to front and bivouacked for the night. On Mon- 
day at 10 A.M. it reported to Sherman and served with him until 
close of the battle. 

Fifth Division 
(Sherman's.) 

This division, of four brigades of infantry, three batteries of 
artillery, two battalions, and two independent companies of cav- 
alry, was organized at Paducah about the 1st of March, 1862. It 
went up the Tennessee Biver to the mouth of Yellow Creek, and 
returned to Pittsl»nrg Marcli 16, disembarked, and marched out to 

227 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Monterey, returned to Pittsburg, and established its camps on the 
19th along the Hamburg and Purdy road, its center at Shiloh 
Church. On Sunday morning, April 6, 1862, the division formed 
in front of its camps where its Third and Fourth Brigades became 
engaged at 7.30 a.m. These brigades, reinforced by Kaith's Bri- 
gade of the First Division, held the line until 10 a.m., when Sher- 
man attempted to fall back to the Purdy road. In this movement 
his Third and Fourth Brigades became disorganized and retired to 
Hamburg and Savannah road, only parts of regiments remaining 
in line. McDowell's Brigade, when ordered at 10 a.m. to fall 
back, became engaged in Crescent field and afterwards on McCler- 
nand's right until about 2 p.m. 

Stuart's Brigade was engaged with Chalmers on the extreme 
left until 2 p.m. Barrett's Battery formed in front of Shiloh 
Church and opened fire at 7.30 a.m. ; then at 10 a.m, retired to 
Jones field, Avhere it was engaged until 2 a.m., when it retired to 
the river. Waterhouse's" Battery went into action at 7 a.m. with 
two guns at Rhea House ; these soon retired to the main battery, 
one hundred fifty yards in rear, where the full battery remained 
in action until 10 a.m., when it w^as outflanked and lost three guns. 
The remainder of the battery retired disabled from the field. 
Behr's Battery was with McDowell's Brigade, one gun guarding 
the bridge at Owl Creek. When Sherman ordered McDowell to 
join his other brigades near Shiloh Church, Captain Behr moved 
five guns down the road, and was directing them into battery 
when he was killed ; his men stampeded, leaving the guns on the 
field. The gun at Owl Creek served with McDowell in his first 
engagement, then retired. 

On Monday Stuart's and Buckland's Brigades were engaged on 
the left of Lev; Wallace all day. Sherman was wounded on Sun- 
day, but kept tlie field until the enemy retired on Monday. 

First Bri(j(i(ie 
(McDowell's.) 

This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped on the Ham- 
burg and Purdy road, its right on the high ground near Owl 
Creek, in the following order from left to right : Fortieth Hli- 

228 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

nois, Forty-sixth Ohio, Sixth Iowa. At the first alarm Sunday 
morning, April 6, 1862, each regiment formed npon its color line. 
Two companies of the Sixth Iowa, with one gun of Behr's Battery, 
were on guard at the bridge over Owl Creek. About 8 a.m. the 
brigade was advanced to the brow of the hill overlooking Shiloh 
Branch, the Fortieth Illinois joining the right of Buckland's Bri- 
gade. After a skirmish with Pond's Brigade McDowell was 
ordered at 10 a.m. to retire to the Purdy road and move to the left 
to connect with Buckland's Brigade near the crossroads. In obedi- 
ence to this order the brigade abandoned its camps without a con- 
test and moved by the left flank past McDowell's headquarters, 
when it was discovered that the Confederates occupied the road 
between this brigade and Buckland's. McDowell then moved 
directly north and put his brigade in line on west side of Crescent 
field, facing east, where he engaged and drove back the force of 
the enemy moving into said field. The brigade then moved north- 
easterly across Crescent field and into Sowell field, facing south, 
its left at Sowell House, where it connected with McClernand at 
11.30 A.M., and advanced with him to the center of Marsh's Bri- 
gade camp. Here the Sixth Iowa was transferred from right to 
center of brigade, and the Thirteenth Missouri placed between the 
Fortieth Illinois and Sixth Iowa, the Forty-sixth Ohio slightly in 
rear and to the extreme right of the line. 

At about 12 M. the brigade was attacked on its right flank by 
Trabue. In an engagement lasting until 1.30 p.m. the Sixth Iowa 
had fifty-two killed — they were buried in one grave where they 
fell ; the Forty-sixth Ohio had two hundred forty-six killed and 
wounded, and the Fortieth Illinois two hundred sixteen killed and 
wounded. The Brigade Commander was thrown from his horse 
and disabled. At 2.30 p.m. the brigade retired to the Landing and 
later formed behind Hurlbut. On Monday, the Sixth Iowa and 
Fortieth Illinois were attached to Garfield's brigade of the Army 
of the Ohio, and remained with him until Wednesday, but were 
not engaged. 



229 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Second Brhjade 
(Stuart's.) 

This brigade, of three regiments, was encamped at the junction 
of Hamburg and Pnrdy road with the Iland^iirg and Savannah 
road in the following order from left to right : Fifty-fifth Illinois, 
Fif ty-f onrth Ohio, Seventy-first Ohio ; a company from each regi- 
ment on picket, one at Lick Creek ford, two on Bark road. These 
pickets gave warning, about 8 a.m. April 6, 1862, of the approach 
of the enemy. 

Stuart formed his brigade on regimental color lines, but finding 
that he was exposed to artillery fire from batteries on a bluff south 
of Locust Grove Creek, and obeying orders to guard Lick Creek 
ford, he moved, at 10 a.m., to the left, placing the Fifty-fourth 
Ohio on his left behind McCuller's field, the Fifty-fifth Illinois 
next to right, and the Seventy-first Ohio with its right behind the 
left of the Fifty-fifth Illinois camp. Chalmers placed his brigade 
in line on the bluff south of Locust Grove Creek, and, after clear-' 
ing Stuart's camps with his artillery, moved across the creek and 
attacked the Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois in position. 
After a short conflict Stuart withdrew to a ridge running due 
east from his headquarters. The right, Seventy-first Ohio, occupy- 
ing the buildings used as Stuart's headquarters, was here attacked 
by the right of Jackson's Brigade and very soon retired, leaving a 
Captain and fifty men prisoners. One part of the regiment under 
the Major passed down a ravine to the Tennessee Biver, where 
they were picked up by a gunboat ; another part retired to the 
Landing, where they joined the brigade at night. 

The Fifty-fourth Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, with Stuart in 
comm;ind, successfully resisted the attacks of Chalmers until 2 
P.M., when their ammunition was exhausted and they were obliged 
to fall back to the Landing, where they reformed at the Log 
House, the Fifty-fourth Ohio in what is now the cemetery, the 
Fifty-fifth Illinois to its right supporting Silfversparre's Battery, 
where they were engaged in resistinc; Chalmers's Sunday evening 
attack, ""^tuart was wounded on Sunday, and was succeeded on 
Mondav l>^• Colonel T. Xilby ^vith, wlio, with the Fifty-fourth 

230 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Ohio and Fifty-fifth Illinois, joined Sherman's command and 
fought on right next to Lew Wallace all day. 

Third Brigade 
(Hildebrand's. ) 

This brigade was encamped with its right, the Seventy-seventh 
Ohio, at Shiloh Church ; its left, the Fifty-third Ohio, near the 
Rhea House and separated from the Fifty-seventh Ohio by a small 
stream with marshy margins. About 7 a.m. April 6, 1862, the 
brigade formed to meet the attack of the enemy, the Fifty-seventh 
and Seventy-seventh in advance of their camps in the valley of 
Shiloh Branch. The Fiftj^-third, being threatened by an attack in 
left flank, formed its line perpendicular to the left of its camp. 
While in this position the brigade was attacked from the front by 
Cleburne's and Wood's Brigades. This attack, falling upon the 
exposed flank of the Fifty-third, compelled it to change front to 
the rear on left company and form a new line in rear of its camp. 
Attacked in this position, the regiment fell back disorganized, 
passing to the rear around the flank of the Forty-ninth Illinois, 
eight companies going to the Landing at once, two companies 
under the Adjutant, E. C. Dawes, joining the Seventeenth Illi- 
nois. The eight companies were reformed near the Landing 
by the Major and supported Bouton's Battery in McClernand's 
seventh line, and on Monday advanced with Marsh's conmiand. 

The Fifty-seventh and Seventy-seventh were reinforced by 
Raith's Brigade of the First Division and held their positions for 
some time, when they, too, fell back disorganized and were not 
aeain in line as regiments. Colonel Llildebrand acted as aid for 
General McClernand during Sunday. 

Fourth Brigade 
(Buckland's. ) 

This brigade was encamped with its left at Shiloh Church in the 
following order from left to right : Seventieth Ohio, Forty-eighth 
Ohio, Seventy-second Ohio. It formed for battle Sunday morn- 
ing, April 6, 1862, about two hundred yards in front of its camps, 

231 



Indiana at Shiloh 

where it withstood the attacks of Cleburne, Anderson and John- 
son until 10 A.M. Its right flank Avas then threatened by Pond and 
Trabue and it was ordered to fall back to the Purdy road. In 
making this movement the brigade was disorganized and scattered. 
The Colonel of the Seventieth Ohio, with a portion of his regi- 
ment, joined the Third Brigade of McClernand's Division and fell 
back with it to Jones field, where it joined McDowell's Brigade 
and was engaged with it until 1 p.m., when it retired to the Ham- 
burg road. The Adjutant and forty men of the Seventieth joined 
the Eleventh Illinois and fought with it until night. The Forty- 
eighth and Seventy-second retired to Hamburg and Savannah 
road, where Colonel Buckland reorganized his brigade and was 
engaged in the 4.30 p.m. affair, after which the Forty-eighth 
retired to the river for ammunition and spent the night in line 
near the Log House, the Seventieth and Seventy-second passing 
the night in bivouac near Mc Arthur's headquarters. 

On Monday the brigade was reunited, and, with Stuart's Bri- 
gade, formed Sherman's line that advanced to the right of McCler- 
nand's camps, thence southwesterly along the front of said camps 
to Shiloh Church, where the brigade reoccupied their camps at 
about 4 P.M. 

Sixth Division 

(Prentiss's. ) 

On the 26tli day of March, 1S62, General Grant, by Special 
Order IsTo. 36, assigned General Prentiss to the command of unat- 
tached troops then arriving at Pittsburg Landing, with directions 
to organize these regiments, as they arrived upon the field, into 
brigades, and the brigades into a division, to be designated the 
Sixth Division. 

Under this order one brigade of four regiments, commanded by 
Colonel Peabody, had been organized and was encamped on west 
side of the Eastern Corinth road, four hundred yards south of the 
Barnes field. Another brigade, commanded by Colonel Miller, 
Eighteenth Missouri, was partially organized. Three regiments 
had reported and were in camp on the east side of the Eastern 

232 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

Corinth road. Other regiments on their way iip the river had 
been ordered to report to General Prentiss, but had not arrived. 

The Sixteenth Iowa arrived on the field on the 5th and sent its 
morning- report to General Prentiss in time to have it included in 
his report of present for duty that day ; it was not fully equipped 
and did not disembark from the boat until the morning of the 6th. 
The Fifteenth Iowa and Twenty-third Missouri arrived at the 
Landing Sunday morning, April 6, 1862. The Twenty-third Mis- 
souri reported to General Prentiss at his third position about 0.30 
A.M., and was placed in line at once as part of his comnuind. The 
Fifteenth and Sixteenth Iowa were, by General Grant's order, 
sent to the right to reinforce McClernand. They reported to him 
at his fifth line in Jones field, and w^ere hotly engaged from about 
1 p.iM. to 2.30 P.M. Hickenlooper's Fifth Ohio Battery and 
Munch's First Minnesota Battery and two battalions of Eleventh 
Illinois Cavalry had been assigned to the division and w^ere 
encamped in rear of the infantry. One company from each regi- 
ment was on picket one mile in front of the camps. On Saturday, 
April 5, a reconnoitering party under Colonel Moore, Twenty-first 
Missouri, was sent out to the front. Colonel Moore reported Con- 
federate cavalry and some evidences of an infantry force in front, 
but he failed to develop a regular line of the enemy. Prentiss 
doubled his pickets, and at 3 a.m. Sunday sent out another party 
of three companies of the Twenty-fifth Missouri, under Major 
Powell, to reconnoiter well to the front. This party encountered 
the Confederate picket under Major Hardcastle in Fraley's field 
at 4.55 A.M. These pickets at once engaged, and continued their 
fire until about 6.30 a.m, when the advance of the main line of 
Hardee's Corps drove Powell back. 

General Prentiss, hearing the firing, formed his division at 6 
a.m. and sent Peabody's Brigade in advance of his cajnp to relieve 
the retiring pickets and posted Miller's Brigade three hundred 
yards in front of his camp, with batteries in the field at right and 
left of the Fastern Corinth road. In this position the division was 
attacked at 8 a.m. by the brigades of Gladden, Shaver, Chalmers 
and Wood and driven back to its camp, where the contest was 
renewed. At 9 a.m. Prentiss was compelled to abandon his camp 

283 



Indiana at Shiloh 

and fall back to his third position, which he occupied at 9.05 a.m., 
in an old road between the divisions of Hurlbut and W. H. L. 
Wallace. Hickenlooper lost two guns in first position and Munch 
had two disabled. Each brought four guns into line at the Hor- 
nets' Nest. Prentiss was here joined by the Twenty-third Mis- 
souri, which gave him about 1,000 men at his third position. 
With this force he held his line against the attacks of Shaver, 
Stephens and Gibson, as described in an account of Tuttle's Bri- 
gade, until 4 P.M., when Hurlbut fell back and Prentiss was 
obliged to swing his division back at right angles to Tuttle in 
order to protect the left flank. When Tuttle's left regiments 
marched to the rear Prentiss fell back behind them towards the 
Corinth road and was surrounded and captured at 5.30 p.m. near 
the forks of the Eastern Corinth road. Hickenlooper and Munch 
withdrew just before they were surrounded, Hickenlooper report- 
ing to Sherman and becoming engaged in the 4.30 action on Ham- 
burg road. Munch's Battery reported to Colonel Webster and 
was in position at the mouth of Dill Branch, where it assisted in 
repelling the last attack Sunday night. 

First Brigade 
(Peabody's. ) 

This brigade of four regiments was encamjDcd on west side of 
Eastern Corinth road, about one-half mile south of Hamburg and 
Purdy road, in the following order from left to right: Sixteenth 
Wisconsin, Twenty-first Missouri, Twelfth Michigan, TAventy-fifth 
Missouri. Three companies of the T'wenty-fifth Missouri under its 
Major, Powell, were sent out at 3 a.m. April 6, 1862, to recon- 
noiter. Moving southwest from camp, Powell passed between the 
Rhea and Seay fields and into the main Corinth road, where one 
of Sherman's, picket posts was stationed. Beyond the picket, and 
near the southeast corner of Fraley field, he encountered Confed- 
erate pickets, and was fired upon at 4.55 a.m. After an engage- 
ment of over an hour, Powell fell back before the advance of 
Wood's Brigade to the Seay field, where he was reinforced by 
Colonel Moore with his regiment, the Twenty-first Missouri, and 
four companies of the Sixteenth Wisconsin. Colonel Moore took 

234 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

command, but was soon severely wounded, and Captain Saxe, Six- 
teenth Wisconsin, was killed. Lieutenant Colonel Woodyard, 
Twenty-first Missouri, assumed command, and was engaged about 
one hour, when he fell back to lihea field, where he was met by 
Colonel Peabody and the remainder of the brigade. Peabody held 
the Confederates in check until 8 a.m., when he fell back to his 
camp. Here he was attacked by the brigade of Shaver and the 
right of Wood's Brigade. Peabody was killed and the brigade 
forced to abandon its camp at 9 a.m. The brigade organization 
was broken up, a part retiring through McClernand's lines and 
about two hundred of the Twenty-first Missouri and one hundred 
of the Twelfth Michigan joining Prentiss at his third position, 
where they were surrounded and most of them captured at 5.30 
o'clock Sunday afternoon. 

Sc'corid Brigade 
(Miller's. ) 

This brigade had tliree regiments in camp — a fourth assigned 
and reported but not yet in camp. The regiments were encamped 
between the Eastern Corinth road and Locust Grove in the follow- 
ing order from left to right : Eighteenth Wisconsin, Sixty-first Illi- 
nois, Eighteenth Missouri. The Sixteenth Iowa arrived at the 
Landing on Saturday, April 5, 1862. The Colonel reported for 
duty and handed in his morning report, so that his regiment is 
included in Miller's report of present for duty. Not being fully 
equipped, the regiment did not go to camp, but remained at Land- 
ing; on Sunday it, with the Fifteenth Iowa, was, by order of Gen- 
eral Grant, held for a time near the Landing to stop stragglers, 
and then sent to reinforce McClernand at his fourth line, where 
they were engaged and lost heavily. 

The Eighteenth Wisconsin arrived on the field on Saturday 
afternoon and went at once into camp, but did not get into the 
morning report of that day and are not included in Miller's pres- 
ent for duty. The brigade was formed for battle Sunday morning 
at 6 o'clock three hundred yards in front of its camp, at the south 
side of Spain field, wliere it was attacked by Gladden and Chal- 
mers at 8 A.M. and driven back into camp, and at a.m. was com- 

235 



Indiana at Shiloh 

pelled to abandon its camp. Parts of the Eighteenth Wisconsin 
and Eighteenth Missouri, about three hundred men, formed with 
Prentiss at his tliird position and remained with him until cap- 
tured at 5.30 p.:\r. The Sixty-first Illinois passed beyond or 
through Hurlbut's line and was in reserve behind that division all 
dav Sunday, except about an hour when it relieved another regi- 
ment in front line. 

UnASSIGNED ■' "J '' 

The Fifteenth ^Michigan arrived at Pittsburg Landing April G, 
1862. Arms had been issued to the men, but no ammunition had 
been supplied. The regiment moved out upon the field early Sun- 
day morning and formed line and stacked knapsacks, at the left of 
the Eighteenth Wisconsin in Locust Grove, just as Chalmers 
appeared in front and moved to the attack. Failing to obtain 
ammunition, Colonel Oliver ordered his men to fix bayonets, as if 
to charge the approaching Confederates, but reconsidered and 
about-faced his men and returned to the Landing, where he ob- 
tained ammunition and again joined the fighting line at some 
place not now determined. On Monday morning the reghnent 
joined Pousseau's Brigade of the Army of the Ohio and fought 
with conspicuous gallantry all day. 

The Fourteenth Wisconsin arrived upon the field Sunday night, 
and on Monday joined Smith's Brigade of the Army of the Ohio 
and served with it all dav. It assisted in the capture of a battery, 
one gun of which was awarded to this regiment and sent to the 
State of Wisconsin. 

Silf versparre's Battery (H), First Illinois, arrived upon the field 
Sunday, Api-il 6. Its guns were four twenty-pounder Parrotts. 
Horses had not been supplied. The men got the guns up the bank 
and placed them in battery in front of the Log House, where they 
were engaged Sunday evening. 

Bouton's Battery (I), First Illinois, arrived at Pittsburg Sunday 
morning fully equipped, but without drill, and with horses that 
had never been harnessed to a gun. The battery was taken ashore 
and reported to Sherman, and rendered good service in repelling 

2^6 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

the last attack upon his line at 4.30 p.m. It remained with Sher- 
man on Monday all day, and received special mention by Colonel 
Gibson, of the Army of the Ohio. 

Siege Guns. — Battery B, Second Illinois. The guns belonging 
to this battery were, imder the direction of Colonel Webster, got- 
ten ashore Sunday afternoon and placed in position one-fourth of 
a mile west of the Log House, where they formed a rallying point 
for all troops coming back from the front. 

Powell's Battery (F), Second Illinois, was encamped near the 
Landing awaiting an assignment which Captain Powell understood 
w^ould place him in McClernand's Division. After waiting some 
time on Sunday morning for orders, Powell attempted to take his 
battery to McClernand. Lie moved out along the Corinth road, 
passing through Sweeny's troops at east side of Duncan field and 
arriving near the Duncan Llouse, after Hare's Brigade had fallen 
back, found himself, suddenly, in close proximity to the Confed- 
erate line of battle. In retiring one gun was upset and left just 
behind the Duncan field. With five guns Powell reported to 
W. 11. L. Wallace near the left of his line, where he was engaged 
until about 5 o'clock, when Captain Powell was w'ounded and his 
battery retired to its camp, where it was engaged at 6 p.m. in the 
final action of Sunday. 

Margraf's Eighth Ohio Battery arrived at the Landing the last 
of March. By an order issued April 2d it had been assigned to the 
Third Division, but had not reported to that division. The only 
official report of its action is given in the report of the First Min- 
nesota, which says that the "Eighth Ohio was on its left in the 
action of 6 p.m., Sunday, at the mouth of Dill Branch." 

ARMY OF THE OHIO 

Soon after the consolidation of the Departments of the Ohio 
and Missouri, General Ilalleck ordered General Buell to move his 
army from Nashville to Savannah, Tennessee, and form a junction 
with the Army of the Tennessee. Upon General Buell's sugges 
tion to march his army across the country rather than transfer it 
by boats, it was so ordered, and General Buell, with the advance 
of his army, reached Savannah, Tennessee, April 5, 1862. Early 

237 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Sunday, April 6th, General Grant informed General Buell by 
note^ of the situation at Shiloh and ordered General Nelson^ to 
march his division up the east side of the Tennessee to a point 
opposite Pittsburg Landing-, where boats would be found to ferry 
him across the river. General Buell and staff reached Pittsburg 
Landing ;by boat between 2 and 3 o'clock. Ammen's Brigade, the 
advance of Nelson's Division, arrived upon the field at about 5.30 
p.]\r., a part of it engaging in the repulse of the Confederates in 
the last attack of Sunday. During the night the remainder of 
Nelson's Division and Crittenden's Division arrived on the field, 
and early jMonday morning two Brigades of McCook's Division 
reached the Landing. 

In the action of the 7th the Army of the Ohio occupied the left 
of the Union line, extending in a semicircle from the Tennessee 
River, south of Dill Branch, to north side of the Corinth road one 
mile from the Landing, jSTelson's Division on the left, Crittenden 
in the center, McCook on the right. "The enemy on a line 
slightly oblique to ours and beyond open fields with a battery in 
front of Nelson's left, a battery in front of Crittenden's left, a 
battery in front of Crittenden's right and McCook's left and 
another battery in front of McCook's right. A short distance to 
the rear of the enemy's left were the encampments of McCler- 
nand's and Sherman's Divisions, which the enemy held. While 
troops were getting into position, Mendenh all's Battery engaged 
the enemy's second battery with some effect. Bartlett's Battery 
engaged the enemy's third battery."^ 

The divisions of the Army of the Ohio moved forward, preserv- 
ing their relative positions in line, and became engaged about 8 
A.M. They adA-anced slowly until aliont 2 p.m., when Wood's Divi- 
sion arrived jnst as the final retreat of the Confederates began. 
In the forward movement McCook's Division kept the main Cor- 
inth road, Crittenden's Division about the direction of the Eastern 
Corinth road. This separated these divisions so that at about 11 
A.M. Veatch and Tuttle, from the Army of the Tennessee, were 
moved into the interval between McCook and Crittenden and 



• 109 War Records, 232. 
-11 W^ar Records. 95. 
^General Buell's report. 



238 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

became engaged in the Eeview field. At 4 p.m. the Confederates 
had retired from the field, and the Army of the Ohio bivouacked 
on a line extending from Stuart's camps through Prentiss's camps 
to near Shiloh Church. 

TerrilFs Battery (H), Fifth United States, belonging to Mc- 
Cook's Division, was detached for service with ISTelson and was in 
action on Hamburg road and at the Peach Orchard. 

Second Division 
(McCook's. ) 

The advance of this division, Pousseau's Brigade, reached Pitts- 
burg Landing Monday morning, April 7, 1862, and took its place 
in line of battle at S a.m. on Crittenden's right. Kirk's Brigade 
formed in rear of Rousseau. These brigades were joined by Gib- 
son's about noon. The advance of the division was along the 
Corinth road to the Water Oaks Pond, where it was engaged at 
noon. Its last engagement ^vas at Sherman's headquarters, from 
which point the Confederates retired from the field. 

Terrill's Battery, belonging to this division, was engaged on 
Nelson's left until 2 p.m., when it moved toward the right and 
engaged a battery in McCook's front. 

Fourth Brigade 
(Rousseau's. ) 

This brigade formed in line of battle on Crittenden's right at 
8 A.M., April 7, 1802, in front of the camp of the Third Iowa, in 
the following order: Sixth Indiana on the left. First Ohio in the 
center, First Battalions of jSTineteenth, Fifteenth, and Sixteenth 
United States Infantry on the right, and the Fifth Kentucky in 
reserve. The Fifteenth Michigan was attached temporarily to 
this brigade and served with it all day. At 9 a.m. the brigade 
advanced across Tilghman Creek and engaged Trabue's Brigade 
until about 11 a.m., wdien Trabue retired and Rousseau advanced 
to Woolf field, where he found a force of the enemy on its west 
side. His ammunition being exhausted, Rousseau retired and 
Kirk's Brigade took his place in the first line. As soon as ammuni- 

289 



Indiana at Shiloh 

tion was supplied Rousseau took position again in the front line 
and engaged the enemy until he retired from the field. 

Fifth Brigade 
(Kirk's.) 

This brigade was in the rear of Kousseau until about noon, 
when it relieved that brigade and formed in front line behind 
the Water Oaks Pond in following order : Thirty-fourth Illinois 
on the left, Thirtieth Indiana in the center, and the Twenty-ninth 
Indiana on the right ; the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania detached 
to the left, where it was twice charged by cavalry. Later in its 
advance the Seventy-seventh captured Colonel Battle, Twentieth 
Tennessee. The Thirty-fourth Illinois in the first advance passed 
directly through Water Oaks Pond. Its Commander, Major Lev- 
anway, was killed, and Colonel Kirk, commanding the brigade, 
was wounded. The engagement here was the last eft'ort of the 
Confederates to hold their line, and closed the fighting for the 
day. 

SixtJi Brigade 
(Gibson's. ) 

This brigade arrived upon the field about noon and joined its 
division at Woolf field, and was at once ordered into line on Kirk's 
left, where it became engaged at once. The Thirty-second Indi- 
ana was detached and is mentioned in the reports as having made 
a bayonet charge in front of Kirk's Brigade near the pond. It 
followed the retiring Confederates until ordered to return. It 
failed to find its division and bivouacked by itself Monday night. 
The other regiments of the brigade bivouacked near the camp of 
the Fourth Illinois Cavalry. 

Fourth Division 

(Nelson's. ) 

The head of this division arrived opposite to Pittsburg Landing 
about 5 P.M., April 6, 1862. One brigade, x\mmen's, crossed the 
river and parts of the Thirty-sixth Indiana and Sixth Ohio were 
engaged in the closing action of Sunday. At 9 p.m. the entire divi- 

240 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

sion had crossed the Tennessee River and formed along the north 
side of Dill Branch, where it bivouacked Sunday night with pick- 
ets across the branch. At 5.30 a.m. on the 7th the division 
advanced and at 7 A.]\r. formed on the south side of the branch and 
aAvaited the completion of the line. At 8 a.m. it attacked the Con- 
federates in the Peach Orchard, MendenhalFs Battery with the 
right and Terrill's Battery with the left. The division gained the 
south side of the Peach Orchard at 2 p.m., the Confederates retir- 
ing. This closed the conflict on the left. The division remained 
in line until night and bivouacked "svith its left in Stuart's camps, 
its right near Prentiss's headquarters. 

Tenth Brigade 
(Ammen's. ) 

This brigade, composed of the Thirty-sixth Indiana and the 
Sixth and Twenty-fourth Ohio, crossed the Tennessee River at 
5.30 P.M., Sunday, April 6, 1862. Eight companies of the Thirty- 
sixth Indiana and four companies of the Sixth Ohio were formed 
one-quarter of a mile in front of the Log House in support of 
Stone's Battery, "the left in a ravine parallel with the Tennessee 
River and having water in it." These companies participated in 
the final repulse of the Confederates Sunday night. The Twenty- 
fourth Ohio was sent one-half mile to the right, but did not 
become engaged. After the repulse of the enemy the brigade 
formed three hundred yards in advance on the crest of the bluffs 
of Dill Branch, where it bivouacked Sunday night. On Monday 
it formed line of battle \vith the Thirty-sixth Indiana on the left, 
the Sixth Ohio on the right, and the Twenty-fourth Ohio in 
reserve, and at 5.30 a.m crossed the ravine and at 8 a.m. became 
engaged on the extreme left of the Union line, near Tennessee 
River. At about 11 a.m. Ammen's advance was checked by an 
attempt of Confederates to turn his left. He was reinforced by 
the Second Iowa and another regiment and repulsed the attack. 
He reached Stuart's camp at about 1 p.m., but was driven back. 
At 2 P.M. this camp was again taken, the Confederates retiring 
from this part of the field. 

(16) 241 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Nineteenth Brigade 
( Hazen's. ) 

This brigade reached the battlefield at 9 p.m., April 6, 1862, 
and bivouacked, on the right of the division, south of the siege- 
gun battery, in the following order: Ninth Indiana on the left, 
Sixth Kentucky on the right, and the Forty -first Ohio in reserve. 
The brigade advanced at 5.30 a.m., April 7th, and became engaged 
about 8 A.M. at Wicker field. The Ninth Indiana lost heavily at 
the house on the north side of the Peach Orchard. The brigade 
then advanced to the Wheat field, where a battery was captured 
and its guns spiked by the Forty-first Ohio. This advanced posi- 
tion was held only a few minutes, the brigade falling back some- 
what disorganized to Wicker field, from which it advanced at 2 
P.M. across the west side of Peach Orchard and took position near 
Prentiss's headquarters. It was not again engaged, and biv- 
ouacked there Monday night. 

Tirenty-second Brigade 
( Bruce 's. ) 

This brigade arrived at Pittsburg Landing about 6 o'clock Sun- 
day evening, April 6, 1862. It bivouacked between the Tenth 
and Nineteenth Brigades, the Second Kentucky on the left, the 
First Kentucky on the right, and the Twentieth Kentucky in 
reserve. 

It held the center of the division all day and was engaged in a 
charge across the Peach Orchard, in which a battery was captured 
and lost again. At 2 p.m. the enemy retired and this brigade took 
position on south side of Peach Orchard, where it bivouacked 
Monday night. 

Fifth Division 

(Crittenden's. ) 

This division, consisting of the Eleventh and Fourteenth Bri- 
gades and Mendenhall's and Bartlett's Batteries, came from Sa- 
vannah on boats, arriving at Pittsburg Landing during the night 
of Sunday, April 6, 1862, and bivouacked along the Corinth road 

242 



Shiloh Campaign and Battle 

in the rear of Nelson's Division. Early Monday morning it moved 
ont and formed line in front of the camps of the Thirty-second 
and Forty-first Illinois, joining IS^elson's right, the Fourteenth Bri- 
gade in front line, the Eleventh Brigade in reserve. At about 8 
A.M. the division advanced and soon after became engaged at the 
position held by Prentiss and Tut tie on Sunday. Bartlett's Bat- 
tery on the right, near the fork of the Eastern Corinth road, was 
engaged until 12 m., vhen it retired to the Landing for ammuni- 
tion. Mendenhall's Battery was engaged on ^NTelson's right until 
after noon, when it took position in rear of the Fifth Division and 
was there engaged until the close of action. 

The division was engaged along the Eastern Corinth road and 
east of Duncan field about four hours, in which time both brigades 
and all its regiments were repeatedly engaged. It advanced, cap- 
turing some guns ; was repulsed and driven back to the road sev- 
eral times. At about 2 p.m. it gained and held the Hamburg and 
Purdy road, which ended the fighting on this part of the line. It 
bivouacked Monday night in front of Prentiss's camps. 

Eleventh Brigade 
(Boyle's. ) 

This brigade formed in rear of the Fourteenth Brigade at 8 a.m. 
Monday, April 7, 1862, near Hurlbut's headquarters, in the fol- 
lowing order from left to right : Ninth Kentucky, Thirteenth 
Kentucky, Nineteenth Ohio, the Fifty-nintli Ohio in reser\^e. At 
about 10 A.M. it became engaged at the east side of Duncan field, 
the Nineteenth Ohio in front of Bartlett's Battery. The brigade 
relicA-ed the Fourteenth Brigade and was engaged on the front 
line in two or three engagements and finally took position on right 
of the Fourteenth and held it until night. The Nineteenth Ohio 
was at 12 m. sent to the support of Nelson's Division and was 
engaged at the Peach Orchard. 

Fourteenth Brigade 
(Smith's.) 

This brigade formed in front of the camps of the Thirty-second 
and Forty-first Illinois at 8 a.m. Monday, April 7, 1862, in the fol- 

245 



Indiana at Shiloh 

lowing order : Thirteenth Ohio on the left, Twenty-sixth Ken- 
tucky on the right, and the Eleventh Kentucky in reserve. The 
Fourteenth Wisconsin was attached temporarily to the brigade 
and placed on the right of the Twenty-sixth Kentucky. It served 
with the brigade all day. The brigade advanced, with its right on 
Eastern Corinth road, and became engaged along the sunken 
road, where Tuttle and Prentiss fought on Sunday. It advanced 
through the thick brush and assisted in the capture of a battery 
in the Wheat field, but was obliged to abandon it and return to old 
road. In the final action, about 2 p.m., it captured some guns of 
another battery, which were successfully held as trophies by the 
brigade. 

Sixth Division 
(Wood's.) 

This division arrived upon the field about 2 p.m. It was ordered 
into line on Crittenden's right. When it got into position 
the battle was about over, and only Wagner's Brigade became 
engaged, and that only for a few minutes, the Eifty-seventh Indi- 
ana having four men wounded. The division bivouacked in reiir 
of the right of Prentiss's Division camps. 



246 




HON. C. C. SCHREEDER 



REPRESENTATIVE FOR VANDERBURGH COUNTY, AUTHOR OF 
BILL PROVIDING FOR MONUMENTS AT SHILOH 
NATIONAL MILITARY PARK 



Laws, Appointment of Commission 
and Letting of Contract 



T 



HE Sixty-second regular session of the General Assembly 
of Indiana passed the following Act : 



Chapter C'LXIX. 



AN ACT to provide for the appointment of commissioners to locate the 
important positions occupied by Indiana soldiers in and during the 
Battle of Shiloh; select and locate places for monuments to be erected 
as memorials for the respective organizations of Indiana soldiers who 
fought there; to procure and supervise the erection of such monuments 
upon the Shiloh National Military Park; to provide for the dedication 
of the same; to perform all other duties naturally incident and pertain- 
ing to such worlv; to make an appropriation therefor, and declaring an 
emergency. 

[H. 329. Approved March 11. 1901. i 

Whereas, Under the acts of Congress approved December 4, 
1894, establishing the Shiloh National Military Park, the gov- 
ernment has purchased about three thousand (3,000) acres of 
the Shiloh Battlefield, embracing most of the heavy fighting 
ground ; and 

Whereas, The State of Tennessee has ceded to the United States 
jurisdiction over said battlefield ; and 

Whereas, The said acts of Congress leave it to the States to erect 
monuments to regiments and batteries within said park at points 
wdiere said organizations were respectively engaged in battle; 
and 

Whereas, The said National Park, with its graded avenues 
]^etween battle lines and its handsome monuments commemo- 
rative of American- valor, will, when completed, be of national 
interest ; and 

Whereas, The State of Indiana had on said battlefield and in 

249 



Indiana at Shiloh 

action in said battle nineteen (]9) regiments of infantry and 
two (2) batteries of artillery ; and 
Whereas, The Legislatnres of all the States, except the State of 
Indiana, had heretofore appointed commissions and made appro- 
priations for the erection of monnments to the different regi- 
ments of said States ; and 
Whereas, Immediate action should be taken looking to the erec- 
tion of monuments as contemplated by the act ; now, therefore. 
Section 1. Be if enacted hy the General Assembly of the State 
of liidiana, That the Governor of said State be and is hereby 
empowered to appoint a commission consisting of seven (7) citi- 
zens of the State of Indiana^ at least six of said commissioners 
shall have served as soldiers and were present and engaged in 
the Battle of Shiloh, to locate and mark the historically important 
positions held and occupied by the respective regiments or bat- 
teries during the battle, to locate proper sites for monuments, 
contract for the construction and erection of the same in accord- 
ance with the plans and under the supervision of the Shiloh 
National Park Commission, and to cause the same, with necessary 
attendant expenses, to be paid for in couipliance with the herein- 
after provisions of this act. 

Sec. 2. That of the officers of said commission shall be a pres- 
ident, elected by the commission, and such other officers as the 
commission may deem necessary. 

Sec. 3. The commission shall at all times be subject to the 
direction and control of the Governor, to whom the commission 
must report as often as required, and who shall have absolute 
power of removal and of aj^pointment so long as the commission 
shall continue in service. 

Sec. 4. Generally, said commission shall serve without pay, 
other than actual expenses necessary to the discharge of their 
duties, but nothing in this act shall prevent the commission from 
employing one or more of their members when desirable to per- 
form service for which they may lawfully contract : Provided, 
however, That one of their number can only be employed by con- 
tract in writing, with the consent and approval of the Governor 
endorsed thereon. 

250 



Laws 

Sec. 5. All contracts for designs or for monnments and the 
erection of the same shall be in writing in duplicate, in the name 
of the State, signed by the contractor and by the president of 
the commission for the State, and approved by the Governor, one 
copy of which shall be deposited with the Governor. 

Sec. 6. Pa^onents shall be made upon contract of the com- 
mission, and for their necessary expenses, upon statement in ^\Tit- 
ing, approved by the Governor, and which shall be deposited with 
the Auditor of the State, who shall draw his warrant upon the 
treasury of the State for the amount of the same, in favor of 
the person entitled thereto, which shall be paid by the State Treas- 
ury out of the fund hereinafter appropriated for that purpose, 
and payments shall not be made except upon such statement, 
which must be signed by the president, or some one designated 
by him. 

Sec. 7. That there is hereby appropriated out of any fund in 
the State Treasury, to the credit of the general revenue fund not 
otherwise appropriated, for the purpose of this act, the sum of 
twenty-five thousand ($25,000) dollars, to be expended in the 
following manner : In the erection of monuments for nineteen 
(19) regiments of infantry, two (2) batteries of artillery, at the 
cost of not to exceed one thousand ($1,000) dollars each, for the 
sum of twenty-one thousand ($21,000) dollars; for the expenses 
of the commission as traveling expenses and for the expenses 
of the Governor, and of the participation of the State in the 
dedication ceremonies of said monuments at a date to be here- 
after agreed upon, clerk hire, labor employ, office rent and other 
necessary expenses, and included in this is any expense for the 
purpose for which this commission is created, for services which 
are valuable to the commission, the sum of four thousand ($4,000) 
dollars : Provided, That no more than fifteen thousand ($15,000) 
dollars of the above appropriations shall be paid during the fiscal 
year ending October 31, 1901, and that the residue of said appro- 
priation shall be paid during the fiscal year ending October 31, 
1902 : And provided, That should there remain a balance of said 
appropriation, after the erection of the monuments as above pro- 
vided for, such balance, not exceeding four thousand ($4,000) 

251 



Indiana at Shiloh 

dollars, is hereby appropriated for markers for the different his- 
torical points occupied by the respective regiments and batteries 
during the progress of the battle, where monuments can not be 
erected, and other than those provided by the government : And 
provided, That no part of the sums herein appropriated shall be 
used as expenses for the ceremonies of the dedication of said 
military park. 

Sec. 8. The work of the commission must proceed with 
diligence and promptness, and wherever practicable the repre- 
sentative of the different regiments and batteries may be con- 
sulted as to their wishes in regard to designs and sites of the 
[monuments, and their] wishes shall control where no delay is 
occasioned thereby. 

Sec. 0. The maximum limit for each monument for each 
organization may be increased by contribution by persons who 
desire to make such, and the commission shall use such contri- 
bution in conjunction with the provision by the State in the erec- 
tion of the monument, which shall be selected by those especially 
interested, but in all instances the contribution must be in the 
hands of the commission before the design is selected; otherwise 
the proposed contribution shall not be considered. 

Sec. 10. When the work of the commission is done, or in the 
judgment of the Govermnent it is no longer proper or expedient 
to continue it, it shall be discontinued by order of the Governor, 
whereon all contracts must be at once closed out and a complete 
report made to the Governor, all debts paid and any balance 
remaining unexpended shall at once be returned to the general 
revenue fund of the State. 

Sec. 11. Whereas, no appropriation has ever been made and 
no commission has ever been appointed to represent the State 
of Indiana in the preparation of the Shiloh Park, contemplated 
by the act of Congress of December 4, 1894, it is hereby declared 
that the same shall be in force from and after its passage. 

Tn compliance with the above law. Governor Winfield T. Dur- 
bin appointed the following ex-soldiers to constitute the Indiana 
Shiloh Battlefield Commission, to wit: 

252 



Appointment of Commission 

Lieutenant Thomas B. Wood, Eleventh Indiana Franklin 

G. E. Gaediner, Thirtieth Indiana Bluii'ton 

Captain Edwin Nicar, Fifteenth Indiana South Bend 

Major John F. Wildman, Third Cavalry Muncie 

Lieut. Colonel J. S. Wrtoht, Twenty-fifth Indiana .... Rockport 

Benjamin M. Hutchins, Sixth Indiana Columbus 

Lieutenant Nicholas Ensley, Forty-fourth Indiana.. Indianapolis 

Pursuant to notice from Governor Durbin, the Commissioners 
met in his office for the purpose of organization on May 31, 1901. 
The Commission organized by selecting Thomas B. Wood Pres- 
ident and Edwin Nicar Secretary and Treasurer. 

Thereupon the members of the Commission called upon the 
Governor in person for the purpose of talking over with him 
matters of importance relating to the ISTational Park and to thank 
him for the honor conferred upon them by being selected mem- 
bers of the Commission. 

At a meeting of the Commission held at the Capitol on Decem- 
ber 2, 1901, a committee of three members was appointed to 
determine the kind of stone to be used in the monuments, to 
select the designs, and to make contracts with responsible firms 
to build and erect said monuments and to attend to all other 
duties necessary to the completion of same. 

The designs of monuments, samples of stone, together with 
specifications of the following named parties, were submitted and 
carefully considered : 

Hughes Granite and Marble Company Clyde, Ohio 

Muldoon Monument Company Louisville, Kentucky 

John A. Rowe & Company Bedford, Indiana 

McDonald & Sons Buffalo, '^ew York 

John Walsh Montgomery, Indiana 

Caldwell & Drake Columbus, Indiana 

Sidney Speed Crawfordsville, Indiana 

A. M. Connett Evansville, Indiana 

Harry M. Scarce T^oblesville, Indiana 

Rudolph Schwarz Indianapolis, Indiana 

253 



Indiana at Shiloh 

December 28, 1901, the Commission met at the State House, 
and after careful consideration unanimously agreed to adopt the 
best buff Bedford oolitic stone to be used in the monuments, the 
same to be free from all defects and to be quarried out of the 
second and third ledges in the best Bedford quarries. The designs 
furnislied by the several bidders were then carefully examined, 
and those furnished by the Muldoon ^Monument Company, of 
Louisville, Kentucky (John R. Lowe, of Indianapolis, designer), 
were unanimously selected and adopted. 

Copies of the designs, with samples of the stone adopted by 
the Commission to be used in the erection of the monuments, 
were forwarded to Colonel Cornelius Cadle, President of the 
National Shiloh Military Park Commission, and to the Secretary 
of War. The designs were returned indorsed: 

"Approved ; the quotation marks following the number of the 
Regiment to be removed. E. Root, 

"Secretary of War." 

Contract was now entered into with the Muldoon Monu- 
ment Company of Louisville, Kentucky, to build and construct, 
upon foundations prepared and provided therefor by the Shiloh 
National Military Park Commission, nineteen monuments for 
Infantry and two monuments for Artillery (consideration, $21,- 
000), in accordance with plans and specifications, said monuments 
to be completed on or before the 30tli of September, 1002. 



CONTRACT OF MULDOON MONUMENT COMPANY WITH STATE OF 

INDIANA TO ERECT MONUMENTS ON THE 

BATTLEFIELD OF SHILOH 

This agreement, made in triplicate, and entered into this 1st 
day of February, A. D. 1902, by and between the Muldoon 
Monument Company of Louisville, Kentucky, located at No. 322 
West Green street, in the city of Louisville, county of Jefferson, 
an'^ State of Kentucky, party of the first part, and the State of 
Indiana, by its Commissioners appointed by the Governor of the 
State to erect monuments on the Battlefield of Shiloh for the 

254 



Letting of Contract 

State of Indiana, under the ])r(ivisi()ns of an aet entitled "An act 
to provide for the ap])<>intnient of Coniniis.sioners to locate the 
important positions occupied bv Indiana soldiers in and dnring 
the Battle of Shiloh," etc., a]tproved March 11, 1001, party of 
the second part, 

Witnesseth, That said party of the first part, for and in con- 
sideration of the snni of twenty-one thousand ($21,000) dollars, 
to be paid at the time hereinafter particularly specified, hereby 
contracts, bargains and agrees with said party of the second part 
to hire, furnish and perform all the labor, and order, buy, pay 
for and provide all materials of every kind and nature rerpiisite 
and necessary for the erection, construction and completion, at 
such points in the Shiloh Xational Military Park, located at Pitts- 
burg Landing, in the State of Tennessee, as should be designated 
by the second party, and to build and construct, upon foundations 
prepared and provided therefor by the Shiloh Xational Military 
Park Commission, nineteen (10) monuments for Infantry regi- 
ments and two (2) monuments for Artillery companies of Indiana 
Volunteers that participated in the Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 
7, 1862, in strict accordance with the designs, drawings, plans 
and specifications therefor heretofore prepared by the Muldoon 
Monument Company, and as accepted by the second party and 
approved by the Shiloh 'National Military Park Commission and 
by the Secretary of War, which designs, drawings, plans and 
specifications are hereby made a part of this contract to all intents 
and purposes as though the same were fully and wholly incorpo- 
rated herein, said ])lans, specifications and drawings to be strictly 
and literally followed: Provided, however, That in ease of con- 
flict between the terms of this contract and the terms of the speci- 
fications, the language of this contract shall in every e\ent con- 
trol, any provision in the specifications to the contrary notwith- 
standing ; but if durina' the progress of the work of construction 
it should be found that the architect and designer, by omission 
or oversight, or through carelessness or other cause, had failed 
to properly specify in said designs, plans, specifications and draw- 
ings, labor and material, or either, necessary to make the mon- 
uments enduring, complete and artistic structures, the first party 

255 



Indiana at Shiloh 

shall furnish the necessary labor and material, or either, to prop- 
erly complete the same, without additional compensation, it being 
expressly understood and agreed that the contract price above 
named shall cover the cost of the complete and perfect structures 
without extra charge of any kind or character ; and the said first 
party does hereby contract and agree that all stone used in the 
construction of said monument shall be out of the best buff Bed- 
ford, Indiana, oolitic limestone, to be free from rust stains, seams 
or any defects of any kind, and to be quarried out of what is 
known as the second or third ledges in the best Bedford oolitic 
limestone quarries, and in all other character and quality as speci- 
fied in said specifications, and none other shall be used ; and that 
all inscriptions adopted by the second party, and approved by the 
l^ational Conmiission and the Secretary of War, shall conform 
to good taste and artistic effect, whether the same shall be shown 
upon the designs and drawings as adopted and approved or not, 
in order to secure the faithful performance of this contract in 
every particular. 

The first party agrees within thirty (30) days of the execution 
of this contract to file in the office of the Auditor of the State 
of Indiana, the bond of some surety company authorized to do 
business in the State of Indiana, in the penal sum of twenty -five 
thousand ($25,000) dollars, the conditions to be of a character 
to secure the State of Indiana against possible loss and damage 
from a failure to perform and carry out this contract on the part 
of the first party. 

The party of the first part hereby further agrees to construct, 
erect and complete said monuments in all respects as herein pro- 
vided, and to the entire satisfaction of the party of the second 
part in every particular ready for delivery, and to tender the 
same to the second party for acceptance on or before the 1st 
day of September, 1902, to the end that proper dedicatory services 
may be held in October or November, 1902, and the completed 
structures tiirned over to the Shiloh National Military Park Com- 
mission ; and time is expressly made of the essence of the con- 
tract ; and said party of the first part assumes all consequent 



256 



Letting of Contract 

liabilities that may arise from a failure to ])erform his contract 
at the time specified in this contract. 

I'pon the completion of the monuments in accordance with 
tlie requirements of this contract to the entire satisfaction of the 
second party in every particular and the acceptance thereof by 
the second party and the Shiloh Xational Military Park Commis- 
sion, and the delivery to them, free and clear of any and all 
liens and claims whatever, the second party shall pay to the party 
of the first ]iart the sum above named, as follows: 

I'en thousand dollars when the stone for the monuments shall 
have been com])letely cut and dressed and furnisluMl on board cars 
at Louisville, Kentucky, for shi])ment to Pittsburii' Landing, and 
the balance when the monuments shall have been erected, com- 
pleted and accepted. 

It beini>- agreed that inasmuch as the a])propriation for the 
erection of these monuments is not available after October 31, 
100-!, but if not drawn u])()n that date must be covered into the 
Ftate treasury, that in case the party of the first ])art shall not 
have completed said monuments as herein provided to the accept- 
ance of the said second party and shall have been accepted by 
said ])arty, no compensation shall thereafter be paid to the party 
of the first part, and the party of the first ])art shall not make 
any claim whatever against the State of Indiana or against any 
representative of the State, or against any nu^nber of the Com- 
mission for any com])ensation by virtue of such uncompleted 
work. 

It is further expressly agreed and ])rovided that in case said 
monuments or any part or parts of tluMU or of any of them shall 
not be completed and approyed by the party of the second part, 
that party shall give notice of the fact to the party of tlie first 
part, and reciuire the ]xirty of the first part to rebuild the mon- 
uments or the ])art or ])arts thereof not accepted by the party 
of the second part within a reasonable time to be fixed by the 
party of the second part ; and in case the party of the first part 
shall not com|)ly with said recpiirements, tin* said party of the 
second part shall have the right to rescind this contract, and in 



(17) 



257 



Indiana at Shiloh 

the event of such rescission, the party of the first part shall 
remove such monument or monuments or any work which may 
have been done thereon immediately, and in case said monument 
or monuments or work done thereon shall not be removed when 
required as aforesaid, the party of the second part may remove 
the same at the expense of the party of the first part ; and the 
party of the first ]iart does hereby contract and agree to pay all 
damages and expenses which may result to the second party on 
account of the failure of the first party to complete said contract 
in accordance with the terms and conditions of this agreement. 

In the erection and construction of these monuments, the rules 
and regulations of the Shiloh National Military Park Commission 
must be carefully observed and obeyed. 

In erecting the monuments as hereinbefore provided for, the 
bottom of each and every stone in each monument shall be cut 
level so as to rest directly upon the stone beneath without bol- 
stering. 

The second party reserves the right to employ an inspector to 
watch the Avork of construction while the monuments are in prog- 
ress of erection, should such party see fit so to do, and the first 
party agrees to afford such inspector every assistance in the ])er- 
formance of the duties that he may require ; but whether or 
not the second party is so represented during the construction of 
the monuments, the contractor shall not be released from a strict 
performance of his contract, nor shall the second party be pre- 
vented from taking advantage of his failure or omission to comply 
with this contract. 

It is further agreed that each triplicate co])y of this agreement 
shall 1)0 considered as an original, and that one such copy shall 
be delivered to the party of the first part, and one retained by 
the party of the second part, and the third deposited with the 
Governor of the State of Indiana, and that copies of the specifi- 
cations and drawings shall be furnished to each of said parties 
and to said Governor. 

In witness whereof. The parties hereto have hereunto caused 
these presents to be executed in triplicate, by the signature of 
John Ii. Lowe, duly authorized thereto by the party of the first 

258 



Legislation Concerning Monuments 

part, and by the signature of Thomas B. Wood, President of 
the said Commission, and the approval of Winfield T. Durbin, 
Governor, on the part and behalf of the party of the second part, 
this first day of February, 1902. 

MULDOOIS^ MONUMENT CO., 
By John K. Lowe, Attorney in fact. 

Thos. B. Woon^ President. 
A])proved : 

Winfield T. Durbin, 

Governor of Indiana. 

LEGISLATION CONCERNING MONUMENTS 

The following law, reappropriating the amount of former appro- 
priation merged back into the general fund of the State, and 
an additional appropriation for the completion of the work of the 
Commission and for the erection of a monument to the (Second 
Cavalry) Forty-first Indiana Regiment, became a law February 
28, 1003: 

Chapter XLIL 

AN ACT supplemental to an act entitled "An act to provide for the 
appointment of commissioners to locate the important positions occu- 
pied bj- Indiana soldiers in and during the battle of Shiloh; select and 
locate places for monuments to be erected as memorials for the 
respective organizations of Indiana soldiers who fought there; to 
procure and supervise the erection of such monuments upon the Shiloh 
National Military Park; to provide for the dedication of the same; to 
perform all other duties naturally incident and pertaining to such 
work; to make an appropriation therefor, and declaring an emergency," 
approved March 11, 1901; reappropriating the unexpended balance of 
moneys appropriated by the provisions of said act, making an addi- 
tional appropriation therefor, and declaring an emergency. 

[H. 124. Law without (Toveriior's signature, February 28, I903.J 

Whereas, By the act of the General Assembly of the State of 
Indiana, approved March 11, 1001, the Governor of the State 
of Indiana was empowered to appoint a commission consisting 
of seven citizens of the State of Indiana, at least six of whom 
should have served as soldiers and were present and engaged 
in the battle of Sliiloh, to locate and mark the historically 

259 



Indiana at Shiloh 

important positions lield and oeenpied by the respective regi- 
ments or batteries dnring said battle, to locate proper sites for 
monuments, contract for the construction and erection of the 
same, in accordance with the plans and under the supervision 
of the Shiloh Xational Park Commission, to be paid for in 
compliance with the provisions of said act ; and 

Whereas, By the same act the sum of $25,000 was ap))ropriated, 
to be expended under the direction of said commission in carry- 
ing into eifect the object for which said commission was cre- 
ated ; and 

WiiEEEAS, A commission a])])ointe(l by the (Governor of the State, 
in accordance with the provisions of said act, has contracted 
for and caused the erection of monuments in accordance with 
the provisions of said act, and has incurred a large amount of 
necessary expense in connection with said work ; and 

Wheeeas, Prosecution of said work was unavoidably delayed by 
reason of the fact that material for the erection of said mon- 
uments had to be transported to the battlefield by water, via 
the Tennessee l\iver, and the low stage of water in said rirer 
during the season of 1!)02 prevented such transportation until 
too late to permit the com])letion of said work before the time 
when the moneys thus appropriated had to be turned back into 
the State Treasury ; and 

Whekeas, The said battlefield is not located on the line of any 
railroad, and the distance from railroads has greatly hindered 
and delayed the work of said commission and increased the 
necessary expenses incident to said work ; and 

Whekeas, There still remains unexpended of said moneys thus 
appropriated the sum of $22,92l>,r>8, which said sum has been 
turned back into the State treasury ; and 

Whereas, It will require the expenditure of all of said moneys 
thus unexpended to discharge the obligation of the State and 
comply wdth the contracts duly made for the erection of said 
monuments, and will also require the additional sum of $1,500 
to defray additional necessary expenses incident to the proper 
completion of said work and the dedication of said monuments; 
now, therefore : 

260 



Legislation Concerning Monuments 

Sectiox 1. Be it enad''d by ihe General Asse)Hhhj of f]ie Strtte 
of Indiana, That there is hereby ap])r()])riate(l out of any funds 
in tlie State treasury, to the credit of the general fuiuls of the 
State, not otherwise a])propriated, the suiu of $24,429. GS, the 
same being- the unexpended balance of the ap})ropriation liereto- 
fore made, and the additional sum of $1,500, the same to be 
expended by the Slnh>h Vi\vk Commission in comjdetion of the 
unfinished work of said commission in defraying the expenses of 
the dedication of said monuments and in the preparation and 
publication of a report of the work of said commission, inchiding 
appropriate liistorical sketches, cuts and illustrations. 

Sec. 2. That there is liereby appro]n-iated out of any funds 
in the State treasury not otherwise a])propriated the additional 
sum of fifteen liundred dollars, to be used by said commission 
in procuring and erecting on said battlefield of Shiloh a monu- 
ment to the Forty-first Kegiment of Indiana Volunteers, also 
known as the Second Indiana Cavalry, in doing which and paying 
for wliicli said commission shall l)e governed by the provisions 
of said act, to which this is supplemental and amendatory. 

Sec. 3. An emergency exists for the immediate taking efiect 
of this act, and the same sliall therefore take effect and be in 
force from and after its passage. 

The Indiana Shiloh Park Commission, on board the steamer 
Savannah, Tennessee River, April 6, 1903, resolved that in the 
matter oi the erecti(»n of a luonument to the Second Indiana 
Cavalry (Forty-first IJegiment) on the Battlefield of Shiloh, as 
provided by an act of the last session of the Indiana Legislature, 
that the offer of the IMiddoon Monument Company of Louisville, 
Kentucky, to furnisli and complete a momunent of tlie same 
nuiterial and design as the Indiana monuments now in place on 
said battlefield, the Cavalry arm of the service to be represented, 
for the sum of twelv^e hundred and fifty dolhirs ($1,250) be 
and tlie same is hereby adopted. 

All Iiuliana monuments are of equal size — base 8 feet 2 inches 
square, heiglit 10 feet G inches, weight 27,000 pounds each — re- 
quiring a se])arate car for each uionuuient in transport to the 
Shiloh Xational Park. 

2()1 



Indiana at Shiloh 

FINANCIAL REPORT OF THE INDIANA SHILOH BATTLEFIELD 
COMMISSION 

To the Governor of Indiana: 

I have the honor to svibniit lierewitli my final report showing 
the receipts qnd disbursements of the Indiana Shiloh Battlefield 
Commission fron.i its organization to the date hereo"f- 

Receipts. 

To amount appropriated by General Assembly, 1901. .$25,000 00 
To amount appropriated by General Assembly, 1903. . .3,000 00 



Total appropriation .$2K,000 00 

Disbursements. 

By amount paid the Muldoon Monument Company, 

Louisville, Kentucky, for twenty-one monuments. .$21,000 00 

By amount paid the Muldoon Monument Company. 
Louisville, Kentucky, for one monument (Second 
Cavalry) 1,250 00 

By sundry expenses of Commission 2,72(5 18 

By amount paid H. C. Bauer Engraving Company for 

numerous cuts 109 05 

By amount estimated to be paid W. B. Burford for 

printing and binding 3,000 copies of report 1.500 00 

By amount of postage and expi-essage 200 00 

By amoimt paid Baker »S: Thornton for maps, 3,000 

each day 275 00 

By amount paid .John W. Coons, compiling report, etc. 500 00 

Total disbursements $27,020 18 



Balance of appropriation unexpended $379 82 

Indianapolis, Oct. 24, 1904. 
I hereby certify that the foregoing statement of the receipts 
and disbursements of the Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission 
is correct. All vouchers upon which warrants were issued by 
the Auditor of State were duly approved according to law and 
are on file in the office of said Auditor of State. 

Thomas B. Wood, 
President Indiana Shiloh Battlefield Commission. 

262 



Dedication of Monuments 

PROGRAM 

For the Dedication of the Indiana Monuments upon Shiloh National 

Military Park, April 6 and 7, 1903, the Forty-first 

Anniversary of the Great Battle 

Meeting called to order at 10 a.m. l)y Captain Thomas B. Wood, President of the 
Indiana Shiloh National Park Commission. 

Pkayer — By Rev. II. J. Xm-ris, Pastor First M. E. Church, Win- 
chester, Indiana. 
Chairman— Major General Lewis AVaUace, Crawfordsville, Indi- 
ana. 
Quartette — ''The Vacant Cliair," by the Mershon Family, of 

Marion, Indiana, assisted by Charles Cranmer. 
PoE^i — Bv James Whiteomb Kiley, of Indianapolis, Indiana. 
Drum Solo— ''A reproduction of the Battle of Shiloh," on two 
drums, by Captain W. A. Mershon, the original Drummer Boy 
of Shiloh, member of the Thirtieth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. 
Presentation of Monuments to Hon. Winiield T. Durbin, Gov- 
ernor of Indiana, by Colonel James S. Wright of the Indiana 
Shiloh National Park Commission. 
Acceptance of Monuments and ]>resenting them to the United 
States Government, by Hon. AV infield T. Durbin, Governor 
of Indiana. 
Song — "America." 

Monuments Received from the Governor of Indiana by Hon. 
William Gary Sanger, Assistant Secretary cf War, on behalf 
of the Secretary of War and the United States Government. 
Address— By Colonel Josiali Patterson, of Memphis, Tennessee, 

representing the Shiloh National :\rilitary Park Commission. 
Song— "The Red. White and Blue." 

2»)o 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Address — Bv Hon. James B. Frazier, Governor of Tennessee, 
representing the State of Tennessee and her Union and Con- 
federate dead. 

Song — "The Star Spangled Banner." 

Oration — By Hon. Albert J. Beveridge, United States Sena- 
tor from Indiana, representing Indiana, the Indiana Shiloh 
■National Park Commission, and Indiana's Union Soldiers. 

PRAYER BY REV. H. J. NORRIS 

Almighty God, our heavenly Father, we come to Thee in th(i 
name of Thy only Son our Savior, who declared "That men ought 
always to pray and not to faint." We come to Thee because Thou 
art the only true and all wise God, who inhabiteth eternity, whose 
name is Holy and in whose hands are the destinies of men and 
nations. We come with glad hearts and joyful spirits, with prayer 
and praise and thanksgiving, for the manifold mercies and bless- 
ings lavished upon us as individuals, as communities, and as a 
nation. We are assembled here under unusual, peculiar, yet the 
most auspicious circumstances. 

Solemnly our feet tread the streets of this silent city whose 
denizens are immortal. To us, this holy ground, a sacred spot, 
and forever will be a hallow^ed place, because baptized with the 
precious blood of thousands of America's brave and patriotic sons 
— men who dared to die standing by their convictions. Hence, we 
have come here to unveil these marble shafts as memorials to our 
noble and illustrious dead. And while their names and deeds are 
chiseled in enduring marble and bronze and iron, their memories 
are enshrined in the heart of every American citizen and will 
continue to live on while history endures. Then* names will yet 
thrill the coming ages as they are spoken by the tongues of the 
eloquent and their heroic deeds chanted by immortal minstrels. 
We, therefore, pray Thy blessing upon all the services and exer- 
cises of this occasion. 

Save us from any and all untoward circumstances which woidd 
mar the peace and unity which now prevail. We thank Thee for 
the peace and good will which now obtain within our borders, 

266 




X Q 

^- -I 
o ^ 



General Wallace's Oration 

which the soothing iuflnoncc of forty-one years have effected. We 
thank Tliee for the g-ood fellowshi]> which exists between this 
nation and tlic jtowcrs of earth. (V)ntinne Tdioii with us as a 
nation and may we as a ])0()|)]e constantly strive to worlv out tlie 
high purposes of Tliy will. And, O Lord God, steady us in the 
dizzy heights of national greatness nnto which Thon hast exalted 
ns. And while we pray for all, we would especially reniendjer all 
the battle-scarred survi\'ors of this battle, together with all the 
armies of this l\e])ublic. Bless every child orphanized by this con- 
flict and every woman rendered a widow V)y this scene of carnage. 
Bless our land and nation, our chief executive and his councilors. 
"We pray for the absolution of all our sins, and when the con- 
flict of life is over and we have served thy righteous will, may Ave 
all join in ascribing unto (Jod the Father, (lod the Son and God 
the Holy Ghost all ])raiso aiul honor and dominion forever and 
forever. Amen. 

GENERAL WALLACE'S ORATION 

General Lew Wallace then delivered the following oration: 
Ladies and Gcidlevieii : 

It has pleased Providence ro suffer it to come about that of the 
soldiers representing Indiana at the Battle of Shiloh I should be 
the first in rank, if not in years. The fact, as 1 see it, makes them 
all my brethren, and me their comrade. And I recognize myself 
in many ways bounden to them in duty arising out of the fact — a 
duty which I shall ]>roceed to perform now lest the o})])ortunity to 
do so never come again. 

To strangers in attendance it is proper for me to say in the 
beginning that it has pleased the lawmakers of Indiana to honor 
the memory of the soldiers of the State — those living and those 
dead — who here did battle that the ISTation might lire. To every 
regiment and every battery engaged they have accordingly set up 
a separate monument on a s])ot s(dected because on that spot each 
fought its best fight, winning or losing. And the object of assem- 
blage now is to dedicate those monuments, Governor Durbin offici- 
ating. 

2(10 




MAJOR GENERAL LEWIS WALLACE 



Commanding Third Division, Army of the Tennessee, in 
THE Battle of Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 1862. During the 

SECOND DAY'S BATTLE GENERAL WALLACE HAD COMMAND OF THE 
RIGHT WING OF THE UNION ARMY AND SUCCESSFULLY KEPT TURNING 
THE ENEMY'S LEFT DURING THE DAY'S BATTLE; WAS ON THE AD- 
VANCE LINE WHEN THE BATTLE CLOSED, HALTING ON THE SOUTH 

SIDE OF Shiloh Branch. 



General Wallace's Oration 

Are the men deserving the honor? Monuments, you all know, 
are as a rule limited to the greatly successful ; while some of these, 
it is said, were not of them. Let us, in the first place, single out 
distinctly the regiments to which the criticism has been applied, 
and then try the justice of the critics. 

By the record it appears Indiana had i)resent on the field a 
detachment of the Second Cavalry, two batteries, the Sixth and 
Ninth, and nineteen regiments of infantry, of which latter thir- 
teen belonged to General Buell's Army of the Ohio, and six to the 
Army of the Tennessee, General Grant commanding. 

IsTow, as General Buell's army had no share in the misfortunes 
that befell in course of the first day of the battle, his regiments 
may be omitted from the argument ; that is, having been greatly 
successful in the second day, their entitlement to their monuments 
is absolutely unclouded. In other words, no one has ever pre- 
sumed to smircli them or their Commander with the spray of 
bitter aloes — to which all unjust remark bears the nearest like- 
ness. 

The Eleventh, the Twenty-third, and the TAventy-fourth Indi- 
ana were of the Third Division of the Army of the Tennessee. 
The Thirty-first, the Twenty-fifth and Forty-fourth belonged to 
Hurlbut's Fourth Division ; and of the six but three — the Twenty- 
fifth, Thirty-first and Forty-fourth — had part in the first day's 
action. And touching the Thirty-first and Forty-fourth one cir- 
cumstance must stand to their credit of itself more than enough 
to silence detraction — a circumstance to live in history, and be 
repeated long after the good Indiana stone of their monuments 
has crumbled to dust. They helped hold the Hornets' N'est, 
against Avhich the best chivarly of the South, led by paladins like 
Hindman, Gibson, A. P. Stewart, Allen, Avegno, and Stephens, 
were seven times launched, and seven times repulsed. No, not 
repulsed, but beaten to a standstill. 

After all, however, the story of the Twenty-fifth, Thirty-first 
and Forty-fourth Indiana at Shiloh is inseparable from that of the 
army to which they belonged. They — the regiments and the 
army — stand together in honor. There can be no judgment for or 
against the three that does not comprehend the Avhole of the other. 

(18) -273 



Indiana at Shiloh 

And now 1 say l)roadlj and boldly that in all tlie chronicles of war 
there is nothing of heroism superior to that made manifest on this 
ground forty-one years ago by the Army of the Tennessee. I am 
not speaking of mere courage or obstinacy of resistance ; in those 
respects doubtless the conduct of the army under consideration 
lias been many times equaled, but — and this is my insistance — 
never under circumstances so trying to the souls of men in arms — 
circumstances so peculiar, so deterrent, so unprecedented, and 
ordinarily of such overwhelming influence for the Avorse. 

I know, my friends, that I have now w^'ought you up to a degree 
of interest not to be allayed except by a recital of the circum- 
stances so insisted upon. I know, too, that in giving them I may 
subject myself to misunderstanding and attack. I^o matter. A 
man standing face to face with a duty to the many must himself 
be hardy enough to speak independently of the few. I will state 
the points. 

To begin with, the Army of the Tennessee had present for duty, 
Sunday, April 6th, 30,060 men; while of the Confederates 49,444 
marched from Corinth, and were presumably present at the attack 
- — a difference of ]S,7S4. The civilian may not realize the materi- 
ality of that difference, but 1 am confident every soldier will. 

Did any of you, my friends, ever hear of an army fighting a 
battle withont a conmiander? ISTo? Well, that was the case with 
the Army of the Tennessee at the beginning of the first day here. 
The five divisions on the field had each its chief, to be sure ; but 
none of the five chiefs was in general command. Instead of one 
supreme governing will^ nowhere so essential as in battle, there 
were five officers each independent of the others. Between them 
things were done by request, not orders. No one of them was 
responsible for Avhat the others did. I am sure you will see the 
enormity of the disadvantage. You will even wonder that there 
was any resistance made. 

I may not pass this point without an exi)lanation. To do so 
would be grossest injustice. General Grant, as everybody knows, 
was in command of the Army of the Tennessee at the time. By 
order of General Halleck his headquarters were at Savannah, ten 
miles below Pittsburg Landing. Hearing the guns, he made all 

274 



General Wallace's Oration 

haste to the scene of action, arriving there four hours after the 
attack began. It was then too late for him to change the day. 
The battle had passed beyond his control. 

A strange circumstance that certainly ; but what will you say to 
this I offer you next? The Confederate army left Corinth for 
Pittsburg Landing on Thursday in the afternoon. It moved 
in three corps — Hardee's, Bragg's, Polk's — with Breckinridge's 
three brigades in reserve. The intention was to attack the Army 
of the Tennessee Saturday morning, but it was not until late Sat- 
urday afternoon that the entire army reached its destination, and 
was deployed. Here now is the marvel. How was it possible to 
move the three great army corps into as many lines of battle, each 
behind the other, within two miles of Shiloli Church without mak- 
ing their presence known ? Were there any Union pickets out ? 
How far out could they have been? Had they no eyes, no ears? 
It w^ould seem not. For at 5 o'clock Sunday morning when 
Hardee moved to the attack — I give you all permission to wonder 
while you listen — neither General Grant at Savannah, nor one of 
his Division Commanders on the field knew of the peril, or even 
suspected it. 

Every soldier in the sound of my voice must remember some- 
thing of the ordinary preparations for a defensive battle known to 
be imnnnent. 

He knows the uses of scouting and reconnoissances, and that 
had they been seriously resorted to here the enemy, not two miles 
away, must have been uncovered. 

He knows, too, all about the resorts of military engineering. 
Here in Sherman's front there was a ditch barely covering his 
right brigade, but nowhere else so much as a rifle pit. 

He knows the surgeons must choose convenient places for their 
field hospitals ; that the ordnance officers must have wagons near 
by with extra ammunition for the resupply of regiments and bat- 
teries ; that noncombatants are put out of the way ; that the trains 
are properly parked ; that nothing in the least obstructive litters 
the roads serving communication between commands here or 
there. 

It is true that on Friday Colonel Buckland and Major Kicker, 

27-3 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Tetnrning from the front, warned General Sherman of infantry 
and artillery before him. Eicker told him flatly that Beam-e- 
gard's army was advancing. Sherman pooh-poohed both Buck- 
land and Eicker, and said it could not be possible. '^Beauregard 
was not such a fool as to leave his base of operations (Corinth) 
and attack us in ours. It was a mere reconnoissance in force." 

In a word, my friends, the records will have it that, with the 
two exceptions stated, no precaution was taken against surprise, 
or preparation of any kind made for battle. ISTever did an army 
receive an attack under so many serious disadvantages ! 

It is a downright pleasure now to see how the larger part of the 
Army of the Tennessee behaved — how magnificently they re- 
ceived their hunters. The advanced divisions, Sherman's and 
Prentiss's, where not already in line, formed under fire. The J>ivl- 
sion Commanders all rose to tlie occasion. Hurlbut, W. H. L. 
Wallace, and McClernand, seeing the need of supporting Prentiss 
and Sherman, did it upon their own ordering. Through the long 
hours of that terrible Sunday, with scant intermissions for restor- 
ing broken lines, the fight went on fiercer gi'owing. By noon every 
intelligent Union man engaged had reason to believe the battle 
lost, and himself with it, unless the foe could be held back until 
Buell could come to the rescue. To that end Grant had the siege 
guns planted in battery on the bluff of the landing. He never 
thought of surrender. 

ISTelson, with his division, crossed the river about sundown, and 
it has been said he saved the Army of the Tennessee. I do not 
think so. It is my opinion, dispassionately given, that the chances 
of Confederate victory went out with the passing of the great soul 
of Albert Sidney Johnston. After that, my division having 
reached the field, what was left of the Army of the Tennessee 
could have taken care of itself. 

All this, my friends, I would have you apply in fair proportion 
to the credit of the Thirty-first, Twenty-fifth, and Forty-fourth 
Indiana ; and having, as I liope, made their titles clear, give me to 
speak next of the Plevonth, Twenty-third, and Twenty-fourth 
Indiana. 



276 



General Wallace's Oration 

'I 'hey all belong to my division, the Third of the Army of the 
'1 ennossee ; and as whatever of blame or of good report attaches to 
tliem is inseparable from the division, I prefer in my further 
remarks to be governed by that fact. 

The division was very dear to me. I could call most of the 
men by tbeir Christian names. They were all in the manhood of 
early youth, strong, healthy, handsome, intelligent, and of cheer- 
ful deportment. Oh, it was a sight to see the full seven thousand 
of them in the irresistible forward swing of the route-step march- 
ing! And wluit words have I to give you an idea of them what 
times they were making their guns talk in the loud controversy of 
battle ! 

There was no limit in reason to my confidence in their courage, 
which is one thing, and their capacity to do, which is another 
thing. At Donelson had I not seen them with the powder-fire in 
their faces climb the hill whose taking sealed the fate of the fort ? 

Of my Colonels, George F. McGinnis should be here today. 
Braver, better, sturdier Brigadier General never buckled a sword 
belt about him. Where are the rest? I walk wearily over the 
line along which the division passed, fighting and winning, though 
sometimes inch by inch, and ask myself, "Where are they who on 
their high-stepping steeds followed close after their well-doing 
lines, looking for advantages in the heady fight, and seeing that 
none were lost ? I only read their names in history and deep 
carven on the stones in this growing wilderness of monuments. 

Charles Whittlesey, educated soldier and scientist, who left his 
laboratory to help save his country. 

John M. Thayer, a Major General, then Governor of his State 
(jSTebraska), and United States Senator. 

Manning F. Force, lawyer of such degree that whoever writes 
the judicial history of Ohio must give him pages in the book. 

Alvin P. Hovey, a Major General, and then Governor of Indi- 
ana. 

Morgan L. Smith, also a Major General, rough, ready, a soldier 
in the best meaning of the word, only too careless of his life. 

Charles R. Wood, another educated soldier who gained his star. 



277 



Indiana at Shiloh 

M. D. Leggett, yet another Major General. If you wonld learn 
of him, his character and the esteem in Avhich he was held, go ask 
about him in Cleveland, Ohio. 

I have now a question to put to you, ladies and gentlemen. 

After the battle was fought, and the details published, it 
became of importance to gentlemen connected with it in high 
places to have a scapegoat ; and some of you may remember that I 
was the unfortunate selected for the purpose. 

I will not trouble you with the accusations against me. My 
tongue refuses to mention them. Besides that, it is unnecessary, 
for at last General Grant, at McGregor dying, was thoughtful and 
just enough in his Memoirs to exonerate me from them. This, 
however, is what I have to ask you : Consider the men wliose 
names you have just heard me pronounce — Colonels and Brigade 
Commanders of my division. Had I been guilty of any military 
offense while with them marching to the assistance of comrades in 
distress that black Sunday ; had I been laggard in the march ; had 
I led them from the musketry and peals of cannon sounding in 
our ears all the day from dawn to dark, like the monotone of the 
ocean spending its infinite energies upon a stony bench, would 
these men have not seen it ? Eager, anxious, sharp of discern- 
ment, keen in the discovery of mistakes or misconduct, and more 
than independent enough to expose them, how was it possible for 
me to have deceived them ? And if afterward they discovered the 
deceit or tlic mistake, why did they not join in the hue and cry 
against me ? The cloud I lay under twenty years and more black- 
ening my life had yet its silver lining. ISTot one man of the divi- 
sion, officer or private, ever raised his voice in the controversy 
except in sympathy, and to defend me. Or if he did otherwise, 
I never heard of it. 

We were at Crump's Landing, by land six miles below Pitts- 
burg, the Sunday of the battle. The three brigades were in posi- 
tion, one at Crump's, where I had my headquarters; the Second 
at Stony Lonesome, two miles and a half out ; the Third at Adams- 
ville, five miles. 

Thursday evening my scouts reported the Confederate Army 
in march from Corinth to Pittsburg Landing, where the Army of 

278 



General Wallace's Oration 

the Tennessee was lying. So when at dawn Sunday I heard can- 
nonading from the sonth I knew a battle was in progress, and 
hastened to order the brigades to concentrate at Stony Lonesome, 
the First and Third npon the Second. 

About 8.30 o'clock General Grant, jjassing up from Savannah, 
stopped by my boat at Crump's, and ordered me to hold myself 
in readiness to march on orders received in any direction. I told 
him I was ready then. He repeated his order, and went on. 

I rode out to Stony Lonesome and waited, and at exactly 11.30 
o'clock — mark the time — I received the expected order, directing 
me to march and form junction with tJie rigid of tlie army. 

]^ow, from Stony Lonesome there were two roads to Sherman's 
camp, which was the right of the army ; one to the left along the 
river by way of Pittsburg Landing, the other to the right by a 
road I had had corduroyed and bridged in anticipation of the 
emergency then upon me. If I took the first, the march would 
be about nine miles ; while six miles only were required by the 
second. The point being to get to the destination in the quickest 
time, I took the nearest road. Every step made the noises of the 
battle more distinct. I never knew men more eager to get on than 
mine. They needed no urging. 

The column had gained a number of miles, and was plainly 
nearing the fight, when a second messenger from General Grant 
o^'crtook me with an order to come to Pittsburg Landing, where, 
in the language of the messenger, he "wanted me like hell." 

I was then in the rear of the Confederate Army, or in other 
words, the Avhole Confederate Army was squarely between me and 
Pittsburg Landing. If our army there had been able to help me — 
it was really not able to help itself — I should have pushed on. As 
it was it seemed prudent to cross the country, and try the river 
road around the enemy's left flank; and that was what I did, halt- 
ing within a half-mile of Pittsburg Landing just after nightfall, 
part of the division having by chain measure marched exactly 
eighteen miles and a quarter, fully one-third of the distance being 
through mud and backwater from Snake Creek, up to the axles 
of the gun carriages. 

Eighteen and a quarter miles from Crump's, fifteen and a half 

279 



Indiana at Shiloh 

from Stony Lonesome — that is the record of my gal hint division. 
Take it, please, remember it if ever again yon hear one say it took 
us the whole day to march the six miles from Crump's to Pitts- 
burg Landing. Fifteen and a half miles from Stony Lonesome, 
starting at 11.30 in the forenoon, and by roads that would have 
appalled the stoutest heart but for the appeal there was in the 
guns of battle. 

Let us now suppose the march sown with errors, an error for 
every step. Did not the division condone them next day ? 

I shall not go into details of that fight. Find them, if you 
please, on the monuments of the three regiments whose record I 
am discussing. This, however, I will say — we fired the first gun in 
the morning of Monday, and when the battle closed we were 
beyond Shiloh Iiun nearly, if not quite, a mile beyond the rest of 
the line. 

With this I conclude. Thank you for the patience with which 
you have heard me. 

The oration of General LeAV Wallace was followed l)y a quar- 
tette, ''The Vacant Chair," by the Mershon Family of ^Marion, 
Indiana, assisted by Charles Craumer. 

THE NAME OF OLD GLORY 

JamcL Whitcomb Riley, of Indianapolis, delivered the follow- 
ing ]M:iem : 

Old Glory! say, Avho, 

B; the ships and the crew, 

A] d the long, blended ranks of the gray and the bine, • 

Who gave you, Old Glory, the name that you boar 

With such pride everywhere 

As you cast yourself free to the rapturous aii- 

And leap out full-length, as we're wanting you to? — 

AVho gave you that name, with the ring of the same, 

And the honor and fame so becoming to you? — 

Your stripes stroked in ripples of white and of red, 

With your stars at their glittering best overhead — 

By day or by night 

Their delightfnlest light 

Lauuliing down from their little square heaven of bluel— 

280 



The Name of Old Glory 

Who gave you the name of Old Glory?— say, who— 
Who gave yon the name of Old Glory? 

The old banner lifted, and faltering then 
In vagiw lisps and whispers fell silent again. 

Old Glory, speak out! we are asking about 
How you happened to "favor" a name, so to say, 
That sounds so familiar and careless and gay 
As we cheer it and shout in our wild breezy way— 
We— the crowd, every man of us, calling you that— 
We— Tom, Dick and Harry— each swinging his hat 
And hurrahing "Old Glory!" like you were our kin. 
When — Lord I — we all know we're as common as sin! 
And yet it just seems like you humor us all 
And waft us your thanks, as we hail you and fall 
Into line, with you over us, waving us on 
Where our glorified, sanctified betters have gone. — 
And this is the reason we're wanting to know— 
(And we're wanting it so!— 

Where our own fathers went we are willing to go.)— 
Who gave you the name of Old Glory?— O— ho!— 
Who gave you the name of Old Glory? 

The old flag unfurled with a hillouij thrill 

For an instant, then vistfullg sigJied and was still. 

Old Glory: the story we're wanting to hear 
Is what the plain facts of your christening were,— 
For your name — just to hear it, 
Repeat it, and cheer it, 's a tang to the spirit 
As salt as a tear;— 

And seeing j'ou fly, and the boys marching by, 
There's a shout in the throat and a blur in the eye 
And an aching to live for you always— or die, 
If, dying, we still keep you waving on high. 
And so, by our love 
For you, floating above, 

And the scars of all wars and the sorrows thereof, 
Who gave you the name of Old Glory, and Avhy 
Are we thrilled at the name of Old Glory? 

Then the old banner leaped, like a sail in the blast, 
And fluttered an audible answer at last. — 

And it spake, with a shake of the voice, and it said:- 
By the driven snow-white and the living blood-red 
Of my bars, and their heaven of stars overhead— 
By the symbol conjoined of them all, skyward cast, 
As I float from the steeple, or flap at the mast, 

281 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Or droop o'er the sod where the long grasses nod,— 
My name is as old as the glory of God. 

.... So I came by the name of Old Glory. 

Wliich was followed by a drum solo, "A reproduction of tlie 
Battle of Shiloh," on two drums, by Captain A. W. Mershon, the 
original Drummer Boy of Shiloh, member of the Thirtieth Indi- 
ana Infantry. ^ 

PRESENTATION OF MONUMENTS 

Colonel James S. Wrig'ht, of the Indiana Shiloh ]S^ational Park 
Commission, now presented the monuments to Governor Winfield 
T. Durbin, in the following words : 
Mr. Chairman and Felloio Citizens: 

lorty-one years ago a great army was encamped upon this field, 
going througli the general routine of camp life, singing their 
camp songs, writing letters to lo^-ed ones at home and thinking of 
the many happy times they would have when the cruel war was 
over. During that great war ruin seemingly held this great coun- 
try of ours in the balance. Our Government was threatened, 
many different industries halted to see the final outcome of the 
struggle and the world silently viewed the war, anxious for its 
result. The question that could not be settled by legislation was 
by that war forever dispensed with. Perhaps there was no other 
battle ever fought where victory Avas of more importance than was 
the Battle of Shiloh. 

The Union men had advanced two hundred thirty miles from 
their base of supplies, and if the Confederate Army was defeated 
it meant the opening of the Mississippi Piver and the loss of the 
great Mississippi Valley to the Confederacy. Just at the break of 
day, and as the sun rose in all its beauty, and as the Southern 
mocking bird perched on the topmost twig of the magnolia, send- 
ing up to heaven its melodious strains, and all nature seemed to 
be rejoicing, the sound of musketry was heard in the distance. 
Then came a sight that none but soldiers who had been in battle 
could describe. The saddling of horses, the command of officers 
to fall in, the dashing of orderlies and aids to the different bri- 
gades and regiments, the distribution of ammunition and tlie 

282 



Presentation of Monuments 

formation of a line of battle, foretold that a great conflict was near 
at hand. On the enemy came. And the glitter of the bayonet, 
the flashing of the sabre, the moving of artillery, the roaring of 
nmsketry, told that two great armies had met in deadly conflict. 
And for eight consecutive hours an open field fight was ^vaged 
such as had never before occurred on this continent. The battle 
was on. Our lines were broken and beaten back, and as the sun 
wont down and dark came we found the Union lines formed in the 
rear of the line of artillery with our left resting on the river. 

FIELD COVERED WITH DEAD. 

The field was covered with the dead and dying, and looking ovei- 
the defeated ranks of our companies and regiments the strongest 
liearts felt sick and faint. As I sat at the roots of that old oak 
tree, not to sleep, but to rest and to offer a prayer to the god of 
l)attle to spare us from another such day, the news was spread that 
BuelFs army had commenced crossing the river and was marching 
to the front. General Lew Wallace had arrived with his division 
and had taken his position on our right. Thus closed the first 
day of the conflict, and in the drenching storm we spent the night. 
At the break of day on the morning of the Tth General Wallace 
opened the fight, and all along the line of battle the battle w^aged, 
if possible, fiercer than It did tlie day before. For hours the main 
line was unmoved until General Wallace moved forward, taking 
position after position, drove back their left flank and compelled 
them to retreat. Shouts of victory filled the air, and hour after 
hour we regained positions that were lost the day before, until the 
whole field had been recaptured and we were left in possession. 
Thus ended the second day of the great conflict, but not as did the 
first, for defeat was turned to victory, but many of the brave men 
were dead. Worse than the plague that falls upon men was the 
result of this battle. The dead and dj-ing and the pitiful stories 
of the levied ones at home told by the wounded boys upon the field, 
and the bloody field, are things never to be forgotten. 

Two-score years and one have passed since w^e struggled in that 
remarkable battle upon that field, and as I look into your faces, 
rnions and Confederates, I thank God that I have lived to see the 

283 



Indiana at Shiloh 

time when we who were once enemies are now friends. Who \ver(i 
once proud to say that we rested under a different flag, now as 
brothers and together wrap the stars and stripes about us and 
rest in peace. Hand in hand we wander over this field, Confed- 
erates and Unions, viewino- the honored o-raves of those who died 
for country's sake ; relating those most interesting and never-tire- 
some stories of those years and '61 and '65, together with the 
stories of that strife in which our sons were brothers, tlie war with 
Spain. Since the close of the war the Government has been 
blessed with untold prosperity, ISTorth and South alike. The lines 
of transportation and communication are very rapidly approaching 
the stage of perfection ; it has increased in wealth so rapidly that 
today it is impossible to approximate its real worth. It has grown 
to be the greatest of manufacturing centers and is looked upon by 
the entire world with admiration. It has taken charge of all the 
great battlefields and turned them into consecrated spots where 
rest the ISTation's dead, and invited the States to erect monuments 
to the regiments that struggled on the various fields of battle. 

Indiana's commission. 

In March, 1001, Colonel C. C. Schreeder introduced a bill in 
the General Assembly of Indiana asking for an appropriation of 
$25,000 to erect upon this field twenty-one monuments, nineteen 
infantry and two battery, which bill authorized you, Hon. Winfield 
T. Durbin, Governor of Indiana, to appoint a commission to take 
charge of the work, and on May o, 1001, we received our commis- 
sions. As a member of the Indiana Xational Park Commission, 
it falls upon me to present to your Excellency the monuments 
which have been erected by the State of Indiana upon the Battle- 
field of Shiloh. And in this connection it is proper to give you a 
brief account of the work of the commission. After having been 
called by your Excellency, we met and organized and elected 
Thomas B. Wood, of Eranklin, Indiana, as our President. The first 
important work imposed upon this Commission was that of estab- 
lishing historically important positions held and occupied by the 
respective Indiana regiments and batteries during this battle, to 
locate the proper sites for the monuments and to establish the 

284 



Presentation of \Ionuments 

figiitiui;' ixjsitioiis of these organizations during the battle And, 
tliongli forty years had passed since the forests of Shiloh thun- 
dered A\'ith the gnns of the contending armies, and in many places 
the woods had been cleared away, while in others dense forests 
had groAyn up, changing the appearance of the battlefield and 
country, yet tin:e had not changed the rolling ground and yalleys 
nor the prominent historical locations. Many days were spent on 
the battlefield by the Commission in a careful investigation and in 
locating the lines and positions of these regiments and battery 
commands. All were located to the satisfaction of the Shiloh 
National Military Park Commission in charge of the park. 

And here your Commission desires to express its thanks to the 
National Commission. For nearly two years Colonel Cornelius 
Cadle, Chau'man, Colonel Josiali Patterson and Major J. H. Ash- 
<:raft. Commissioners, and especially Alajor D. AV. Peed, Secre- 
tary and Historian, and Atwell Thompson, Engineer in Charge of 
the Park, have all been untiring in our behalf. 

THE ]\I0NUMENTS. 

Circulars were sent hj this Commission to all the principal mon- 
ument makers in the country, asking for designs and bids for the 
construction of these monuments and also asking that they submit 
to the Commission with each design proper samples of granite and 
Bedford oolitic stone. Various styles and designs of monuments 
to tl:e number of nearly one liundred fifty were submitted to the 
Commission. I'he members of the Commission were called to- 
gether by the President, Captain Thomas B. Wood, and after 
spending considerable time in examining the samples of stone sub- 
mitted and the different designs for the monuments they w(u-e 
found to be so varied in style that the Commission did not get 
through with closing the contract until they had to adjourn. As 
a matter of economy I introduced a resolution providing that a 
committee of three, with the President of the Commission as chair- 
man, be appointed to personally take charge of the work and to 
contract for the same. This resolution was unanimously adopted, 
and thereupon the President appointed the other two members to 
serve on this committee, who were Benjamin AT. Hutchins and 

285 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Nicholas Ensley. Several months wore consumed by this com- 
mittee in getting the contract closed. As the amount appropriated 
for each monument wt^s limited, the object this committee had in 
view was to get the largest and most appropriate design for the 
money. Indiana Bedford oolitic stone was selected by the major- 
ity for the monuments and the design of John K. Lowe, of Indi- 
anapolis, was selected as the largest and most appropriate one 
submitted. These monuments are now erected in this park, each 
monument having made one carload, or twenty-one carloads in all. 
After the contract was let for the twenty-one monuments it was 
ascertained that there should have been one erected to the Second 
Indiana Cavalry, and during the last session of the General 
Assembly Colonel C. C. Schreeder asked for $1,500 for that 
purpose, and as soon as possible it will be placed in position to 
our left. 

The work of preparing the report of the locations selected for 
each regiment and battery monument and the writing of the 
inscriptions for the front and the historical inscriptions for the 
back of each of these monuments, from which the future history 
of Indiana will be written, and all of which had to conform with 
the Avar records, official reports and the rules of the War Depart- 
ment, was assigned to Captain ISTicholas Ensley, he having served 
in both days' battle. This was the most difficult task of all, and 
many months of Captain Ensley's time were given to the work 
and to the conducting of a large and important correspondence, 
to all of which he gave his best efforts, inspired by a feeling of 
love and patriotism to our soldiers and comrades who fought at 
Shiloh and to our beloved State of Indiana, which had so gener- 
ously provided the means with which to accomplish this important 
work. 

MORE AVOBK TO DO. 

This service does not close the work of this Commission. There 
still remains a sum of money unexpended and which will be care- 
fully used in completing the work of the Comndssion, including 
securing photographs of all the monuments erected, photographs 
of important battlefield scenes in the park, photographs of Gen- 

28(1 



Presentation of Monuments 

erals and officers on both the Union and Confederate side who 
were killed in action, photographs of commanding Generals, both 
living and dead, photographs of the commanding officers of all 
regiments and batteries engaged in the battle, a photograph of 
Governor Oliver P. Morton and one of the present Go\^ernor, the 
making of half-tone cnts of them all for use in illustrating the 
final report, the completion of all historical manuscript so it may 
be ready for the printer and the publication of said historical 
report in volume form, all of which is yet to be accomplished by 
this Commission. 

Indiana's loss in the two days' battle at Shiloh, April 6 and 7, 
1862, was 1,259. Of this number one hundred sixty were killed 
upon the field during the battle, many of the wounded died after 
the battle, and many others were maimed, disabled and helpless 
for life. On Sunday, April Gth, the first day's battle, Indiana had 
but three regiments and one battery engaged, viz. : The Twenty- 
fifth, Thirty-first and Forty-fourth Regiments an<l the Sixth Bat- 
tery, which were engaged constantly the entire day. The Twenty- 
fifth Regiment was engaged in front of Shiloh Church and to the 
right of the "Review field," while the Thirty-first and Forty- 
fourth Regiments were engaged on the left of the historical "Hor- 
nets' Xest," where the dead and wounded soldiers wearing both 
the blue and the gray, lay upon the ground thicker than sheaves 
of grain ever did in a harvest field. Here, during the day's battle, 
(he woods caught fire and many dead and wounded were burned. 
The inscriptions on each of these twenty-one monuments will tell 
Indiana's historic story. Sixteen Indiana regiments and two bat- 
teries were engaged during Monday, April 7th, the second day's 
great battle, and their persistent bravery and patriotic devotion 
were never exceeded at any time. 

Our honored Chairman, Major General Lewis Wallace, Com- 
mander of the Third Division of the Army of the Tennessee, the 
only surviving General of the battle, opened the battle on the 
morning of the 7th at 5.30 a.m., with the first shot of the day by 
Lieutenant George R. Browm, commanding the Ninth Indiana 
Battery. General Wallace's Division was on the right of the 
army, which did not meet with a repulse during the entire day's 

287 



Indiana at Shiloh 

battle. When the battle closed in the evening- his division was on 
the advanced line, halting on the south side of Shiloh Branch. 

Indiana's name and fame on the field of Shiloh have gone into 
history. Forty-one years haA'e now filed by and Indiana has built 
these monuments to the memory of her fallen sons. Yet the mon- 
uments are not mortuary affairs, but monuments to liberty and 
civilization ; not to create a feeling of sadness, but a thrill of patri- 
otism and love for the soldier who fought for his country on the 
field of Shiloh. Governor, I now present these monuments to you. 

ACCEPTANCE OF MONUMENTS 

Governor Winfield T. Durbiii, in accepting the monuments for 
the Indiana Commission and in j)resenting them to the United 
States, said : 

Gentlemen of tlic Ccnnwission : 

On behalf of the people of Indiana I receive these monuments, 
and in their name I thank you for the energy and intelligence 
with which you have discharged your important duty. Your task 
has been an arduous one, requiring in its fulfillment the same 
unselfish spirit of devotion animating the men of Indiana who 
fought upon this glorious field of battle on April 6th and Yth, 
1862. It has been yours to fix the facts of history in imperishable 
stone, quarried, as was the heroism it commemorates, from the 
heart of our beloved State. Shakespeare said that there are 
"sermons in stones," and surely these monuments shall speak to 
generations yet unborn Avith an eloquence surpassing that attain- 
able by human tongue. Here through the centuries shall stand 
these silent sentinels of valor, enduring as the hills, typifying in 
their rugged strength the stubborn courage of those Indiana sol- 
diers who, when night fell on a field of terrible disaster, rested 
upon their arms with resolution in their hearts, and, on the mor- 
row, rose with a spirit unsubdued and unconquerable to carry 
their country's flag to splendid victory. 

Shiloh ! What memories that name brings across the years 
to those of the generation upon which God laid the duty of solving 
in a half-hundred long, terrible months of sorrow and sacrifice, 

288 



Acceptance of Monuments 

the problem of the Xation's destinv. To those survivors of this 
battle whose happy fortune it has been to witness not only the 
Union's restoration, but its gi'owth in greatness to a place among 
the poAvers of the world undreamed of forty years ago, it recalls a 
roar of battle more terrible than ever before had thundered in the 
Western hemisphere. It peoples this now peaceful landscape with 
two mighty armies, grappling for two days in bloody conflict. It 
fills the air with the unceasing crackle of musketry, the roar of 
constant cannonading, the shout of the charge and the groan of 
the dying. To those who waited at home for news from the front, 
the mothers and wives who were as true soldiers of the Republic 
as those who marched in line of battle, it brings memories of 
anguish and anxiety succeeding the first vague rumor that a great 
battle had been fought at Pittsburg Landing, followed by the 
merciless details of terrible slaughter, concluded at last with the 
long lists of killed and wounded, which threw the shadow of death 
upon more than a thousand Hoosier households. 

COST OF WAR. 

It was after Sliiloh that the American people awoke to a full 
realization of the terrible cost of civil war. AVithin forty-eight 
hours nearly ten thousand Union soldiers fell dead and wounded 
upon this field ; fewer American soldiers dropped before the fire 
of British troops during all the eight years of the American Revo- 
lution. On this one battlefield of the Rebellion the loss of the con- 
tending armies in killed and Avounded was twice as great as the 
combined loss of the American land forces in both the second war 
with Great Britain and the AAar with Mexico. The twenty regi- 
ments and two batteries which represented Indiana at Shiloh lost 
in killed and wounded 1,249 men — a greater loss than was sus- 
tained by the American forces at Brandywine, Germantown or 
Kings Mountain — three of the liloodiest conflicts of the American 
Revolution. Yet this was but the first of a series of battles unex- 
ampled in the history of warfare for the courage with which they 
were waged on both sides, or for the percentage of loss of life. 
Man?ssas, Antietiim, Fredericksburg, Stone River, Chancellors- 
ville, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Wilderness, Cold Harbor and 



(19) 



289 



Indiana at Shiloh 

a hundred other holocausts were to come. As many Indiana sol- 
diers were to give up their lives for the flag before the last chapter 
of that tragedy was written as had been yielded for it by all 
America in all the wars fought under the stars and stripes before 
that fateful shot in Charleston bay signaled the beginning of the 
war between the States. 

But never did the Hoosier commonwealth rise more majestically 
to the occasion than in the hour when the people of Indiana rea- 
lized the price her sons had paid for victory in this great battle for 
the control of the continent's strategic waterway. Over the State 
swept a wave, not of irresolution and indecision, l)ut of patriotic 
fervor, and the spirit of sacrifice for the flag's sake took only 
deeper hold on Hoosier hearts. Indiana looked upon the dreadful 
list of her sons wounded and dead. Her answer was more soldiers 
for the cause, marching out of the State capital with the blessing 
of Oliver P. Morton upon them, regiment after regiment, battery 
after battery, until Indiana had given more generously of her 
blood and treasure than any other State whose soldiers fought 
beneath the Stars and Stripes. 

Indiana's glory. 

I shall not attempt to dwell today upon the brave part borne 
by Indiana troops upon this battlefield. If my lips were not mute 
in the presence of those monuments which the heroism of 20,000 
Indiana soldiers, living and dead, make expressive beyond the 
power of speech, then they would falter in the presence of our 
presiding officer, the most distinguished surviving participant in 
the events we now commemorate, who, having laid down a sword 
which flashed wherever the fight raged thickest in two of the 
Republic's wars, has conquered a world w^itli his pen, leading it 
captive at the wheels of Ben-IIur's chariot. Suffice it to say that 
here, as on hundreds of other battlefields, their courage was 
tested, their devotion tried in the fiery crucible of war, and came 
forth gleaming like fine gold. Here they resolutely faced the 
bravest foes the world could send against them, and stood their 
ground till victory shone beneath the lifted clouds of battle. And 
from this field these shattered regiments marched on to other 

290 



Acceptance of Monuments 

fields, doing their duty as tliey saw it, scornful of danger, con- 
temptuous of hardship, liftcMl alcove the fear of suffering or death 
by the inspiration of a cause they deemed holy and of a flag they 
loved. We have done well, my fellow-citizens of Indiana, to 
build at the very axis of our splendid State the greatest soldiers' 
monument in all the world, connnemorating not so much a cause 
or a leadership as the heroic qualities which have shone forth at 
crucial moments in the history of the l^ation. If the Indiana of 
the future be true to the ideals for which that monument lifts its 
beautiful proportions, and to the qualities of character it com- 
memorates, great will remain her place among the States so long 
as the Republic shall endure — and may it endure forever ! 

SHRINES FOE 'the FUTURE. 

In that same sense tlie Government does well to set apart these 
battlefields. let them liecome shrines for future generations of 
Americans — not that war may be glorified, but that courage may 
be commemorated ; not tluit we may celebratO) the victory of a 
cause which finds its wore enduring monument in a Government 
that realizes Daniel Webster's dream at last — of a Union "one 
and inseparable, now and forever,'' but that the sublime courage 
which leads men to give up their lives, if need be, for conviction's 
sake, may be exalted. The boundaries between the jSTorth and 
South are, thank God, no longer lines of battle, and here, amid 
the mingling throngs of men who wore the blue and men who wore 
the gray, their children and their children's children, the old 
battle lines of cleavage become instruments of reunion. Standing 
amid the memories which throng this field, we bring to mind 
another and a later war, wherein the sons of those wdio gallantly 
charged with Albert Sidney Johnston, and those who stubbornly 
stood with Ulysses Grant, marched side by side under a flag com- 
mon to both, and the words of the silent chieftain, writing of this 
very battle a dozen years ago, seemed to be instinct with proph- 
ecy : "The troops on both sides were American, and united they 
need not fear any foreign foe." 

It is my pleasant duty, rolonol Sanger, on behalf of the State 
of Indiana, to turn over to you, representing the United States 

21)1 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Government, these monuments erected in accordance with a gen- 
erous and patriotic resolution of the Sixty-second General Assem- 
bly of Indiana. AVe give them as proudly and as freely as the 
men whose services thev commemorate gave their blood that the 
flag might be preserved without the loss of a star from its azure 
field. That the Indiana of the future, whenever required by the 
Nation's need, may emulate the example of the embattled regi- 
ments which gloriously maintained the traditions of the State 
upon this historic field forty-one years ago today, is our most 
ardent aspiration. 

RECEIVING INDIANA'S GIFT 

When the Governor concluded his elocjuent tribute to the valor 
of Indianians, "America" was sung. Then William Gary San- 
ger, in behalf of the Secretary of War and the United States 
Government, formally accepted the monuments, saying in part : 

In the absence of the Secretary of War it is my privilege to 
receive, on behalf of the United States, these monuments which 
have been erected to perpetuate the heroism of the soldiers of 
Indiana. It is fitting that the State should make enduring record 
of the part which her sons took in the battle, and of the courage 
and devotion with which they poured out their life's blood. The 
older men here will remember the enthusinsm with which Indiana 
responded to the call of President Lincoln for volunteers and the 
student knows the history of its soldiers in the armies of Grant 
and Buell, and with the fighting forces at Bowling Green, at Mill 
Springs and all through this region in the operations leading up to 
the occupation of Corinth. 

We can not think of the State and its soldiers without remem- 
bering the splendid work of Governor Oliver P. Morton, whose 
patriotic and effective labor has left a legacy of which his State 
is justly proud, and as we stand here today on the battlefields 
and think of the suffering of the wounded, who can forget that he 
started on its mission of mercy the first steamboat to arrive here 
forty-one years jngo with surgeons and medical supplies. 



292 



Receiving Indiana's Gift 

Shiloh was not only the first great battle of the West, but it was 
the first battle which gave to the country a realizing sense of the 
magnitude of tlie struggle. General Grant said that up to the 
Battle of Shiloh, he, mth thousands of other citizens, believed 
that the war might end suddenly if a decisive victory could be 
gained, but after the fight he "gave up all idea of saving the 
Union except by complete conquest." 

The Confederate assault, which was made largely by untrained 
soldiers, has been properly called a military masterpiece. The 
heavy loss on both sides was conclusive evidence of the courage 
with which the battle was fought, and proves what we all know, 
that the American soldier never knows when he is beaten. This 
trait, and many other soldierly qualities, make us all justly proud 
of the record of our fighting forces, and confident that in any 
emergency they will bear themselves as soldiers should. 

Time does not permit me to repeat the names of Indiana's 
heroes who died here, or of those who lived to bear with modesty 
through later years laurels which they won on this battlefield. 

The Federal Government, in accepting these monuments, be- 
comes charged with the duty of guarding them and keeping fresh 
in the memory of the people a record of the deeds which they com- 
memorate. In creating and keeping these national parks, the 
country is not merely perpetuating the fame of brave men; it is 
noft merely recording with landmarks of granite and bronze the 
gallant part which the soldiers on both sides took in the awful con- 
tests of the civil war ; it is not merely emphasizing the fact that a 
united country thinks with pride of the valor of all the heroes who 
fought in that great struggle, but it is putting into visible form 
the conviction of the people that examples of brave and faithful 
performance of duty should be ever honored throughout our land. 
We should never forget that the lessons of war are but imper- 
fectly learned if we think of them as only helping us to bear our- 
selves bravely in the face of an armed enemy. In times of peace 
there are battles to be fought and victories to be won, the effect 
of which upon the destinies of mankind are as far-reaching as the 
results of an armed conflict. Honor, courage, integrity, devotion 



293 



Indiana at Shiloh 

to principle, and the faithful performance of duty are just as 
essential to the greatness of a free people as courage and self-sac- 
rifice are to the success of a fighting army. 

The principles upon which our Government rests do not, of 
themselves, insure good government ; they merely give to the 
people the power to have that kind of government which the 
j)eople desire and they can make it as good or as bad as they wish. 
As patriotic Americans, we should not be discouraged because 
there is need in so many directions for forceful and effective work 
in improving existing conditions. From these impressive scenes 
we can draw inspiration and help for the better performance of 
the duties which crowd upon us. The memory of the brave sol- 
diers who fought on this and other battlefields will never die, for 
so long as the country endures their exam])le will help the men 
and women in the years yet to come to strive courageously toward 
that high standard to which every American should aspire. 

ADDRESS OF COLONEL JOSIAH PATTERSON' 

Colonel Josiah Patterson, a member of the ISTational Shiloh 
Commission, is the representative of the Army of the Mississippi, 
commanded by General Albert Sidney Johnston. Colonel Patter- 
son is an honored citizen of Memphis, has represented that Con- 
gressional District in Congress three terms, and was succeeded by 
his son, Hon. Malcolm R. Patterson. The Colonel spoke as fol- 
lows : 
Mr. Chairman, Comrades, Ladies and Gentlemen: 

Thoughtful and patriotic men have always realized that the 
American Union, as it was conceived and understood by the fath- 
ers, could not be perpetuated by force. Armies may maintain 
the territorial integrity of the Eepublic, but they are powerless to 
shoot patriotism into an unwilling people. Such a union as has 
existed for centuries between England and Ireland may be main- 
tained indefinitely by force ; but it requires something more to 
establish such a union as exists between England and Scotland. 

There is one cardinal doctrine which lies at the root of our 
Americnn system, and it is that free institutions can only be estab- 

' Note.— Colonel Patterson has since died. 

294 



Address of Colonel Patterson 

lished and perpetuated by the consent of the gov^erned. It would 
be as impossible for the stars to keep their courses, uninfluenced 
by the law of gTavitation, as for the States to sustain their consti- 
tutional relations to the Union, and to each other, mthout the 
inspiration of patriotism. If the lessons taught by history are any 
guide for the future, then thoughtful men were justified in appre- 
liending more danger to our institutions from the aftermath of 
the Civil War than from the upheaval which produced it. 

How to rekindle the fires of patriotism, and re-cement the 
Union by the consent of the governed, became, after Appomattox, 
the one great problem which engaged, not only the attention of 
our wisest statesmen, but the solicitude of the friends of free gov- 
ernment throughout the world. 

Soon after the conclusion of the war, one eminent statesman 
advised his countrymen to forget the struggle. His plan was to 
furl all the battle-flags, and remove from public view the memen- 
toes of the unhappy conflict. To the veteran of the Union army, 
this suggestion implied that he had been simply an executioner, 
and having performed his painful duty, he ought in decency to lay 
aside the uniform he honored in deference to the Confederate sol- 
dier he had slain, and his surviving relatives. To the Confed- 
erate veteran, it implied criminality on his part, and a disposition, 
in view of his contrition and penitence, not to remind him of his 
misdeeds. This plan, however kindly conceived, was alike offens- 
ive to the ISTorth and the South ; because the veterans of the North 
were only conscious of duty patriotically performed, and the vet- 
erans of the South were unconscious of offense, and instead of pro- 
fessing penitence, rather exulted in the sacrifices they had made. 

It was, therefore, evident that oblivion did not point the way to 
reconciliation. aSTeither side could, or would, or should forget the 
struggle. The Civil War was the grandest drama ever enacted in 
American history, and whatever may be the result of the catas- 
trophe, it will remain a theme of absorbing interest for all time. 
It would be as impossible to expunge the name of Lee from the 
roll of honor and fame in the South as it would be to obliterate 
the name of Grant in the jSTorth ; and neither the one nor the 
other will ever be forgotten. It is, however, possible for a patri- 

295 



Indiana at Shiloh 

otic country to aj^propriate the name and fame of both, and 
thereby add luster to the achievements of the armies they com- 
manded, and cement for all time the bonds of the Union. 

There is only one remedy for the cure of the animosities grow- 
ing out of our great civil struggle. It is to be found in mutual 
respect and forbearance. It lies in the recognition of the truth 
that there are always two sides to every controversy of sufficient 
gravity to cause men to offer up their lives and fortunes to over- 
throw or maintain it. It is in the realization that the American 
people have a common destiny, and that destiny can only be 
achieved in the spirit of justice and righteousness. 

Fortunately, a freemasonry exists among brave and generous 
men throughout the world. All the more does it exist among 
brave and generous men Avho have a common origin, a conunon 
language, a comuion history, common traditions and a common 
destiny. 

It was fitting that the work of reconciliation and rehabilitation 
should begin with the old soldiers. Grant generously and gal- 
lantly refrained from imposing humiliating terms on Lee or his 
army, and from that day no brave man in the South has ever 
offered an apology, and no brave man in the I^Torth has ever 
demanded it. 

The policy of bringing the old veterans together on common 
ground, where the opportunity would be given to extend assur- 
ances of mutual esteem, which brave men always delight to 
tender, was conceived in the highest patriotism, and was the result 
of the profoundest statesmanship. 

What spots more sacred, or more fitting for such trysting 
places, than the great battlefields on which they met, face to face, 
in that mighty conflict of arms ? 

Behold this Park, consecrated by a grateful country to Ameri- 
can valor ! Here the great Ivepublic has not paused to inquire who 
was right or who was wrong. Here there is no partiality. Here 
equal honor is done the men who, forty-one years ago, met in the 
shock of battle. Here there is nothing not intended to stimulate 
patriotism, no matter whence comes the pilgrim to do honor at the 



296 



Address of Colonel Patterson 

shrine of American valor. Here each State whose sons partici- 
pated in the memorable Battle of Shiloli is invited to erect monu- 
ments to commemorate tlieir deeds, and the only restraint imposed 
is to represent the truth of history, and to erect such monuments 
as will not give offense to any veteran, or the descendant of any 
veteran, no matter under which flag he fought. 

Here, we have the hearty hand-shake, the friendly greeting, 
and the kindly remembrance. Here, former enemies meet in the 
spirit of generous forbearance, to recall the memories of the past, 
to relate the anecdotes of the camp and the march, and to recount 
the battle scenes through which they have passed. Here, we have 
no politics or differences. The veteran has no party which claims 
his allegiance when he enters these sacred grounds. He is lifted 
above party and section, and rejoices that he is an American. 

How calmly, how majestically the flag of the Union floats above 
this peaceful and inspiring scene ! What a theme is here pre- 
sented for the poet's muse and the painter's brush ! Where else 
in the w^orld, in what other land or country, has a drama like this 
been enacted ? Let me describe it for the benefit of those who are 
not here to witn'^ss it. 

On this, the forty-fii"st anniversary of the Battle of Shiloh, 
many of the sons of Indiana are here to dedicate the monuments 
that State has erected to the memory of its gallant sons. The 
ceremonies are presided over by General Wallace, the last surviv- 
ing Major General who took part in the battle. A vast throng is 
here present, composed of venerable Union and Confederate vet- 
erans and their descendants. The Governor of Indiana is here to 
tender the monuments to the United States. Mr. Sanger, the 
representative of the Secretary of War, is here to receive the 
monuments in the name of a grateful country. General Gordon, 
a gallant General in the Confederate xVrmy, is here representing 
the Governor of Tennessee, to participate in the name of the State 
in these ceremonies. Lastly I am here, representing on the Park 
Commission the army which that intrepid soldier, Albert Sidney 
Johnston, hurled like an avalanche on this field, directed by my 
associates, both of whom are Union veterans, in the name of the 



297 



Indiana at Shiloh 

Commission, to receive these monuments into our keeping, as the 
guardians appointed bv the Secretary of War to maintain, pre- 
serve and beautify this Park. 

Who will attempt to estimate in dollars and cents the value to 
the American people of an event like this? The cost of all the 
military parks established by the Government has not exceeded 
the cost of one battleship. But what are battleships, cruisers, 
forts and fortifications when estimated in comparison with the 
restoration of fraternal relations between the Union and Confed- 
erate veterans and their descendants ? Here is kindled a spark 
which will grow, as the years roll by, into a flame of patriotism, 
and in the future this Republic will stand impregnably intrenched 
behind a rampart of brave hearts, throbbing in the breasts of mil- 
lions of patriotic Americans, forever guarding its flag, the peace, 
honor and happiness of its people, the integrity of its territory and 
the freedom of its institutions. 

Recalling in this presence the memories of the past, and with 
a heart which cherishes in its inmost core the honor and glory of 
my comrades in arms, I do not hesitate to pronounce a malediction 
on all men who would cherish or revive the animosities of the 
Civil War. 

Accursed be the coward, Xorth or South, who was a non-com- 
batant when battles were fought and won or lost, and a belligerent 
when brave men are at peace ! 

Accursed be the demagogue, Xorth or South, who would stir up 
and then inflame sectional animosities, in order to promote his 
political fortunes ! 

Honor to the men who foster peace, cherish good will and pro- 
mote the common welfare ! 

Honor to the men who serve their country, who look to it as 
the palladium of their liberties, and who would, if necessary, 
defend its free institutions and the honor of its flag with their 
lives and fortunes ! 

Standing within a few hundred yards of where I stood forty- 
one years ago, with my comrades of the Confederate Army, amid 
the carnage of battle, I now, in the name of the Shiloh Park Com- 
mission, receive these monuments into their keeping, and may 

298 



General Gordon's Address 

they stand as witnesses to generations yet nnborn of the honor 
Indiana has done her heroic sons. 

The address of Colonel Patterson was followed by a song, 'The 
Red, White and Bine." 

GENERAL GORDON'S ADDRESS 
General George W. Gordon, representing Governor James B. 
Frazier, and the State of Tennessee, spoke as follows : 
General Wallace, Governor Durhin, Gentlemen of the Park Com- 
mission, Ladies and Fellow Citizens: 

In making my appearance here today I beg leave to remark that 
the Hon. James B. Frazier, Governor of Tennessee, having been 
formally invited to participate in these ceremonies, and having 
accepted the invitation, was assigned a number on the program of 
exercises. But subsequently finding it hnpracticable to meet his 
engagement, he has honored me with the request to come and 
officiate in his behalf in these memorial and fraternal proceedings. 
This substitution was courteously ratified by the conmiittee in 
charge, and hence I am with you. And while I am sensible of the 
distinction thus done me, I am also sensible of my inability to ade- 
quately represent a gentleman of the Governor's gifts and graces, 
impressive personality and fascinating oratory. But, in the words 
of the inspired orator of old, "Such as there in me is, that will I 

give unto you." 

One and forty years ago, Tennessee saluted Indiana upon this 
field, with the blast of bugles, the brandishing of swords, the 
rattle of rifles and the thunder of guns— yea, with all the dread 
clamor and thrilling tumult of booming and blazing battle. But 
today she greets her with the olive branch in one hand and the 
white wand of peace in the other. AVe meet at the sepulcher of 
our common dead, and around their graves all dissension is 
hushed. Let us have no more strife, no more war, no more frat- 
ricidal slaughter. Let all of these be consigned to the remorseless 
past, that mighty gulf that absorbs the hopes and happiness of 
men. The past is behind, the present is here, and the future is 
before us. The first is a reminiscence, the second a reality and 
the third a contingency. It is not with the extremes, but the 

299 



Indiana at Shiloh 

mean of these terms that we are chiefly concerned — the exacting, 
irresistihle and dominating present. Coaction, conservatism, 
equity and confraternity should distinguish the commercial, social, 
sectional, national and international intercourse of this greatest 
and most wonderful of all ages. And the opponents, antagonists 
and foes of a generation ago should be colleagues, allies and 
friends today. 

On behalf, then, of the people, the Governor, the ex-Federal 
and ex-Confederate soldiers of Tennessee, we cordially offer to the 
citizens, ex-soldiers and Governor of Indiana the hand of friend- 
ship, unity and concord. [Here the speaker turned and grasped 
the hand of Governor Durbin of Indiana, amid the enthusiastic 
demonstrations of the audience.] We bid you welcome on your 
solemn mission to honor the memories of your heroic dead by ded- 
icating these beautiful and enduring monuments to the courage 
and self-sacrifice that they here displayed. It is at all times duti- 
ful, appropriate and cojnmendable to honor and perpetuate the 
virtues of the dead. And in obedience to this sacred sentiment, 
you have erected these splendid and imperishable monuments in 
honor of the valor and prowess of the sons and soldiers of Indiana. 

All grateful peoples have honored the sacrificial devotion of 
their patriotic dead. Poland still remembers her Poniatowski. 
Erin yet mourns for her martyred Enunet. Greece recollects the 
immolation at Thermoj)/l^. The prowess of Hannibal survives 
the extinction of his country. After the battle of Marathon, the 
Athenians raised a great tumulus on the field where they fought 
and upon it erected ten monumental columns, in honor of the ten 
tribes of Athens that shared in the glory of that memorable 
action. And so, from that age to this, courage and heroism have 
been admired and commemorated. 

The American people, on both sides of our great civil conflict, 
are nobly honoring their unforgotten dead, "their unreturning 
brave," as the people of Indiana are doing here today. 

Referring to the battle that made this occasion possible, we 
need not elaborate. Its story has heretofore been told, not only 
by historians, but by distinguished soldiers on both sides who par- 
ticipated in the contest, and has been interestingly retold here 

300 



General Gordon's Address 

today. And while there is, as usual, some diversity of opinion as 
to certain events that occurred or did not occur, and opposing con- 
jectures as to what would have happened if souiething else had not 
occurred, and what would have occurred if something else had not 
happened, yet we are all agreed that it was a gallant fight, that 
the attack was brill in nt and persistent, the defense valiant and 
determined, and that it was the greatest battle that had been 
fought on this contiuent up to that date. For two days 80,000 
soldiers, with a common ancestry, were engaged in deadly conflict. 
On the first day the opposing forces were practically equal, with 
3,000 to 5,000 in fav(u- of the Confederates. On the second, the 
numerical advantage, by reinforcements, was more largely with 
the Federals. When the conflict closed, 24,000 men, in round 
numbers, had been killed and wounded— 13,000 Federals and 
11,000 Confederates. Among the killed were the Federal Gen- 
erals Raith, Peabody and W. H. L. Wallace, the Confederate 
General Gladden and the Confederate Commander General Al- 
bert Sidney Johnston. 

As already stated, diverse opinions and various speculations 
have been expressed as to what might have been the results of this 
great battle had certain contingencies not intervened. While the 
issue of most battles is attended with uncertainty; while some- 
tiuies seemingly a trifling and sometimes an important circum- 
stance determines the result, it is practically the unanimous opin- 
ion of the Confederates who participated in the battle that the fall 
of Johnston was the salvation of Grant. And from all I have 
read from both Federal and Confederate sources, and from what 
I have heard from participants iu the action, it is my humble 
opinion that if Johnston had survived three brief hours longer, 
the Confederate flag would now be floating on the banks of the 
Ohio river; that the Federal army would have been captured, or 
disastrously cut to pieces and routed, the power and prestige of 
its famous Commander lost to the future service of the Federal 
arms, the Confederate disasters at Fishing Creek, Fort Henry and 
Fort Donelson thereby redeemed, and the States of Tennessee and 
Kentucky reinspired. aroused and restored to the active support 
of the Confederate cause. True, this is merely an opinion, but 

301 



Indiana at Shiloh 

the circTinistances and facts on Avliieli it is founded render it rea- 
sonable and easy of belief. Johnston fell amid the shouts of a 
conquering- army and in the midst of his advancinf^ flags ; but 
when he fell, mediocrity and supercaution succeeded genius and 
daring, and the tide of victory was thereby reversed. Where 
Caesar neither hesitated, halted nor tottered, Anthony stopped, 
faltered and fell. The Confederates were triumphant on the first 
day, the Federals on the second, and the prestige of victory 
remained with the latter. 

We have said that Shiloh was the greatest of American battles 
up to that date, and so it was. The losses here were appalling to 
the country, and gave new token of the stupendous character of 
our pending conflict, the magnitude of which, in my estimation, 
has never l)een fully understood or appreciated, even by the 
American people, still less by the foreign students of the militant 
history of the Vv'orld. During the four years of that conflict, not 
fewer than 3,250,000 men, including both sides, were under arms. 
'No such vast array of military force was ever marshaled during 
any one of the ancient or modern Asiatic or European wars. 
Alexander vanquished two continents with fewer than 60,000 sol- 
diers. Eome mastered the world with fewer than 100,000 men in 
the field at any one time. During the Xapoleonic and some of the 
later European wars, larger numbers were engaged in the same 
battle than in any single combat during the American war. But 
the opposing nations usually had all their forces concentrated in a 
single army ; we never. Our respective forces were divided into 
a half-dozen or more armies, some of which numbered 100,000 or 
more men. At the battle of Wa.gram the French had 220,000 
and the Austrians 150,000 men. At Borodino the French had 
125,000, the Bussians 138,000. At B>autzon the French had 11)0,- 
000, the Allies 110,000. At Leipsic the Allies had 290,000, the 
French 150,000. At AVaterloo the Allies had 100,000, the 
French 70,000. At Solferino the Allies had 135,000, the Aus- 
trians 100,000. At Fredericksburg the Confederates had 70,000, 
the Federals 120,000. At Chancellorsville the Confederates had 
62,000, the Federals 130,000. At Cliickamauga the Confed- 
erates had 71,000, the Federals 57,000. At Gettysburg the Con- 

302 



General Gordon's Address 

federates had 70,000, the Federals 93,000. (These statistics are 
taken from Colonel Henderson's '^Life of Stonewall Jackson.") 
At Shiloh, says my anthority, the Confederates had 40,000, the 
Federals 58,000. This doubtless refers to the second day's battle. 
Tennessee's contingent in this battle was twenty-eight regiments 
of infantry, six batteries of artillery and Forrest's cavalry regi- 
ment — more than twice the number of men from any other Con- 
federate State. 

In the foreign battles I have mentioned, the contending nations 
usually had their entire forces upon a single field, but not so with 
us. Otherwise we should have had, perhaps, 300,000 to 400,000 
opposing 600,000 to 800,000 in a single battle. Great God! 
What an awful battle this would have been! Fortunately, the 
Creator has never endowed men with ability sufficient to wield 
such a force in the work of human carnage. Our armies were 
myriads, our battle-gTound a continent. And thus we begin to 
perceive the imposing magnitude of the American civil conflict. 
It has no duplicate in the vanished past, and may it hav<3 none in 
the coming future. Xaturally, a conflict of such dimensions, and 
between antagonists of similar force and fire, would de\'elop the 
sublimest examples of prowess and intrepidity, of fortitude and 
endurance, of courage and self-sacrifice. And so it did, in a 
remarkable degree. We need not go to the lands of Plato and Per- 
icles, of Cicero and Ca'sar, for exemplars and heroes, exponents 
and martyrs. We have them at home. They fell upon every 
field, from Bull Run to Appomattox. And the world has yet to 
witness in soldiers of the line, truer devotion to their flags, a 
higher degree of martial individuality and intelligent efficiency, 
than that displayed by the volunteer private soldiers in the Amer- 
ican armies from 1861 to 1865. In the absence of officers and in 
sudden emergencies, they were often leaders and commanders 
unto themselves. For the most part, the leadership in neither 
army was equal to its following. The really great Generals devel- 
oped by the war are outnumbered by the fingers of one hand, 
while great subordinates are counted by thousands. Both sides 
were deficient in leadership, but unsurpassed and matchless in 
their following. College and university graduates fought through 

303 



Indiana at Shiloh 

the war witli tlie rank of private soldiers, and since have attained 
positions of high civic distinction, having- become consuls and min- 
isters, judges and governors, congressmen and senators. What 
other nation has furnished literati and authors, philosophers and 
scientists, advocates and jurists, envoys and ambassadors, orators 
and law-givers, statesmen and civic rulers, from the private ranks 
of its disbanded armies? This is a distinction that belongs to our 
land. Is it any wonder, then, that we have a great country ? Is 
it any marvel that in many respects we are leading the world? In 
commerce and manufacturing, in mining and agriculture — indeed, 
in all of the mechanical and industrial arts that make a people 
prosperous, independent and powerful? Along these lines Ave are 
leading the mighty inarch of international progress. It has been 
said that, all in all, this young but vigorous and expanding empire 
is the greatest nation that marks the globe. If that be true, ought 
it not to be the best ? Virtue should be tlie attendant of great- 
ness, and justice the constant companion of powder. Mightier than 
Macedon in the days of her supremacy, more powerful than 
Rome when she ruled the world, irresistible as the conqueror that 
wore the mighty crowns of a dozen vanquished sovereigns and 
promised his bride the lands of thirty kings, this country ought to 
lead all others in the paths of peace, along the lines of arbitration, 
of wisdom, justice, and moderation. PoAver can afford to be just 
and can dare to do right. 

Finally, whatever may have been our internal dissensions and 
conflicts in the past, Ave now have but one Union and a common 
country, and it should be the effort of eA'ery patriot in the land to 
make that Union equal, just and permanent, and that country 
great, glorious and happy. 

Once more, Governor Durbin, accept for yourself and your 
people the cordial salutations of the GoA-ernor and people of Ten- 
nessee, as Ave again offer you the hand of unity, concord and fra- 
ternity. [The speaker again joined hands with GoA^ernor Durbin, 
amid prolonged applause.] 

The speech of General George W. Gordon Avas folloAved by a 
song, "The Star Spangled Banner." 

304 



Address of Senator Beveridge 

TRIBUTE OF SENATOR BEVERIDGE 

Senator Albert J. Beveridge, of Indiana, now delivered the fol- 
lowing beautiful tribute to those who i^aid the price for our 
Nation's immortality : 

Ladies and Gentlemen: 

Since all must die, how fortunate to die for an undying cause 
and under the approving eye of history. 

So fell those who fell on this field. For they gave their lives to 
save the life of the j^ation, and history recites no nobler story 
than the story of their sacrifice. They thus are the subject not 
only of our pride and love, but of our envy. For it is not given to 
us so to close the volume of our years ; and if it were, we dare not 
say that we would meet that opportunity as they met it. That the 
ground they stood and fought on may be marked and that our 
children may be worthy of the heroes sleeping here, Indiana 
builds these monuments. ISTot that she would rear warriors — for 
we pray for peace — but that she would have her sons develop souls 
so great that the giving of their lives for a worthy cause will be 
to them a welcome thing. 

And such were the souls of our fathers and brothers, who, on 
this field, on this spot, paid that price for our ISTation's immortal- 
ity. For their blood was shed to make of the American people a 
single ISTation, and not for any lesser purpose. Other results of 
our civil conflict were incident to that. And so they died no less 
for the people of the South than for the people of the ISTorth- — for 
the American people undivided, indivisible. Their martyrdom 
was to establish forever the brotherhood of the flag — a relation- 
ship so lofty that it can not see sections within the boundaries of 
the Republic. That purpose they accomplished. Devotion to the 
Nation is today the first principle of all Americans. In our 
recent war the proudest to wear the I^ation's uniform were the 
sons of those who on this field met in arms their J^orthern broth- 
ers; the first to die beneath the flag was a son of Carolina. And 
the giving of one's life is the highest proof of loyalty. Exhausted 
in arms, but by arms unconquered, the Southern people have 



(20) 



305 



Indiana at Shiloh 

yielded to a great and true idea. That idea is American nation- 
ality, i : I 

To me the thought of a people, a nation, a master nation de- 
voted to ideals, is so vast and fine that even the simplest words 
are not strong enough to state it. And that was the thought our 
heroes died for. And that ideal fought on for them. It is now 
the ideal of us all, men and women of l^orth and South alike. 

How little these words — Southern and ISTorthern! Let us for- 
get them. How much grander the single word, American ! Let 
us think of that, and only that. Let us who live be worthy of our 
dead. And let us who live be tolerant of the views of the heroes 
of the other side. Only the years can tell what elements of just 
opinion were confused and tangled in that cataclysmal conflict. 
Tor us it is enough — a fullness — to know that our central thought 
of nationality was true and that our brothers of the other side 
assert it now even as we ourselves assert it. Tolerance, then, and 
loving kindness, and charitable forgiveness on both sides ; and 
through all the land sweet reasonableness ! ISTothing but these 
are important ; for in these abides Truth, and Truth is the only 
sovereign. 

"War, at best, is awful. Yet this word can be said even for war 
— it reveals elemental and eternal things. In peace, men reckon 
action, plan and purpose from the central point of selfish interest. 
War comes, and the same men are conscious of a thing which can 
not be measured by yardstick, nor weighed in scales, nor listed in 
stock market ; and yet a thing for which they go to the grave as 
to a bride — glad, grand, masterful in a savage unselfishness. That 
wonderful thing which makes men welcome death is principle. In 
war's light they see it. Our heroes who sleep here saw it. God 
grant us their joy of seeing, without their agony of battle. Not 
that they found it hard to die — they did not — but horrible to 
slay. For the moment, at least, standing with their graves 
around us, we may measure the height of their outlook — the 
breadth of their thought. And, as we measure, how little, tran- 
sient, foolish seem men's plots for power, plans for place, schemes 
for self-aggrandizement ! How they dissolve into nothingness, 



306 



Address of Senator Beveridge 

and only the true, the beautiful and the good remain ! It is holy 
ground on which we stand. 

I speak for Indiana soldiers. Therefore I submit no statistics 
of comparative carnage. Whether more men were killed here, or 
there, in Ca?sar's conquests, or Napoleon's wars, or Alexander's 
battles, or on our own sad, red fields is not important. History 
shows that mankind in all ages and in all lands have been phys- 
ically courageous. The cause, the thought, the principle, the ideal 
for which they fought, is the real thing. That is what Indiana's 
soldiers think. That is how I interpret Indiana's mind. 

In the presence of our heroes dead, surrounded by heroes living, 
how dare I interpret their supreme sentiment otherwise ? For 
Indiana's veterans, in common with all the people of our State, 
believe that nothing is worth figliting for that is not worth dying 
for ; and that nothing is worth dying for but Truth. Such is our 
Indiana view of peace and war. For Indiana's people are neither 
rich nor poor, neither covetous, nor envious, nor cringing, nor 
brawlers, nor afraid. They are sturdy, gentle people, living sim- 
ply, eager for noble teaching; and knowing, when called on in 
righteousness, how to give battle and how to die. And in this we 
take no peculiar pride. We take pride only in that we share this 
view with all Americans. For we Indiana people are national 
above all else. 

I said I spoke for Indiana soldiers. But you who live and these 
who died were not Indiana soldiers — you and they were Union 
soldiers — the ISTation's soldiers — from Indiana. We have a State 
flag. Not many of Indiana's 2,500,000 people know what it is. 
But every one of Indiana's people know the Stars and Stripes. 
Every one of them would die for it. It is the Nation's flag — it is 
our flag, our only flag. Let it similarly be the only flag of everv 
State. Let others be forgotten. 

When thinking of the Nation let Carolina forget her Palmetto 
banner, dear though it be with memories, and remember only the 
banner of the Nation ! Let Texas forget her Lone Star ensign, 
sacred though it be with tradition, and remember only the flag of 
oiu- common country ! Let Massachusetts forget her Pine Tree 
device and remember only the colors of the Republic ! 

307 



Indiana at Shiloh 

States are invaluable for local government ; but mth this battle- 
field before us we can not see State lines- — our eyes are too full of 
tears. We forget that ever there were sections ; and, whether 
we mil or no, our very souls cry out two words — -jSTation!" — 
"American!" Yes, that is it! — the American Nation! We have 
found ourselves at last. And it is because our heroes died here 
that we have come to the consciousness of that fact — the Ameri- 
can people, a Nation, one, indivisible, everlasting. And you, and 
I, and all of us are parts of that Nation. That is enough. If 
those who rest here know that w^e have comprehended that 
thought — and they do know^ it- — they are glad. It is enough for 
any man to die for. How blessed of the Father, therefore, are we 
who may live for that thought! And we do not live worthily of 
it, if we do not consecrate our nation to righteousness. But how 
shall we tell what is righteous and what is unrighteous ? We 
believe differently, and, with all our souls, sincerely. To one it 
seems God's work to give order and law, and, by slow processes, 
so that they may see and understand, liberty and civilization to 
alien and inferior peoples. To another, such a course seems 
wrong. To one, a certain internal policy seems best ; to another, 
it appears indefensible. Honest opinion daily divides us on both 
principle and expediency. How shall we tell which is right ? Who 
is to decide ? Patience ! God will decide. No harsh words ! No 
denunciations ! Trust the common thought and conscience. Trust 
the people. "Vox populi, vox Dei." If, in the long run, that 
maxim is not true, republican government, democratic institutions, 
the rule of the people is a mistake. And the people's government 
is not a mistake. 

With this thought, then, we meet all problems, troubles, dan- 
gers, doubts, serene and brave. Conflict of capital and labor, for- 
eign wars, domestic broils, agitation and unrest, vexed questions 
and situations so grave that no key to them seems possible — all 
will yield to the master key made of the combined sense and con- 
science of the American people. To doors so solidly shut that 
opening appears hopeless, Time will fit and turn that master key. 
Time and the people — they will make all plain and right at last 
in this Republic of ours. Time and the people, and, over all, the 

308 



Address of Senator Beveridge 

Father — who can doubt our outcome, remembering them ? Who, 
remembering them, can cherish hate ? Who, remembering them, 
can be bigoted or despairing? "With malice toward none, with 
charity for all" — these are the best American words. Let us live 
up to them and be patient ! Let us live up to them and be hope- 
ful! Live up to them, and realize our brotherhood. Thus, and 
only thus, shall we be worthy of him who spoke them and of these 
fallen ones. 

On behalf of Indiana and of Indiana's Shiloh Monument Com- 
mission, I salute Indiana's soldiers, dead and living — all and every 
one, from private to commander; from him of name obscure to 
Wilder and Wallace, who still inspire us with their presence, and 
Hovey, Hackleman and Harrison, gone before. And in the name 
of Indiana soldiers — the jSTation's soldiers — voicing a fraternity 
as noble as their courage, I salute, too, their former foes in arms, 
but now their comrades — comrades in the comradeship of this new 
day which has dawned for the Republic. 



809 



Conclusion 

To the members of the Shiloh N'ational Park Commission, and 
especially to Colonel Cornelius Cadle, President, and Major W. D. 
Peed, Secretary and Historian, and Mr. Atwell Thompson, Engi- 
neer in Charge, the thanks of the Indiana Commission are due. 
These gentlemen granted the Commission many favors and ren- 
dered it valuable assistance in the performance of its work. 

There are other gentlemen to whom this Commission is in- 
debted for the many courtesies and favors received during the 
dedication of the Indiana monuments, and on many other occa- 
sions, among them W. W. Richardson, District Passenger Agent 
of the Pennsylvania Lines ; J. II. Milliken, District Passenger 
Agent of the Louisville and jSTashville Hallway Company, and 
Major J. H. Ashcraft and the officers of the St. Louis and Tennes- 
see Piver Packet Company. 



310 



